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One aspect of common sense reasoning is reasoning about normal cases, e.g. a physician will first try to interpret symptoms by a common disease, and will take more exotic possibilities only later into account. Such ""normality"" can be encoded, e.g. bya relation, where case A is considered more normal than case B. This gives a standard semantics or interpretation to nonmonotonic reasoning (a branch of common sense reasoning), or, more formally, to nonmonotonic logics. We consider in this book the repercussions such normality relations and similarconstructions have on the resulting nonm

Nonmonotonic reasoning. --- Algebraic logic. --- Semantics --- Modality (Logic) --- Mathematical models. --- Modal logic --- Logic --- Nonclassical mathematical logic --- Bisimulation --- Mathematical linguistics --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Non-monotonic reasoning --- Reasoning

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Fuzzy systems --- Fuzzy sets --- Ensembles flous --- Systèmes flous --- Fuzzy sets. --- Mathematics. --- Périodiques. --- aggregation operations --- non-additive uncertainty theory --- possibility theory --- linguistic modelling --- numerical modeling fuzzy rule-based systems --- category theory --- topology --- data fusion --- interpolative reasoning --- non-monotonic reasoning --- logic programming --- constraint-di --- Systems, Fuzzy --- Sets, Fuzzy --- System analysis --- Fuzzy logic --- Fuzzy mathematics --- Set theory

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The Handbook of the History of Logic is a multi-volume research instrument that brings to the development of logic the best in modern techniques of historical and interpretative scholarship. It is the first work in English in which the history of logic is presented so extensively. The volumes are numerous and large. Authors have been given considerable latitude to produce chapters of a length, and a level of detail, that would lay fair claim on the ambitions of the project to be a definitive research work. Authors have been carefully selected with this aim in mind. They and the Editors join

Logic --- Logique --- History. --- Histoire --- Induction (Logic) --- Philosophy --- History --- Logic. --- Argumentation --- Deduction (Logic) --- Deductive logic --- Dialectic (Logic) --- Logic, Deductive --- Intellect --- Psychology --- Science --- Reasoning --- Thought and thinking --- Methodology --- Set theory. --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical. --- Many-valued logic. --- Nonmonotonic reasoning. --- Algebra of logic --- Logic, Universal --- Mathematical logic --- Symbolic and mathematical logic --- Symbolic logic --- Mathematics --- Algebra, Abstract --- Metamathematics --- Set theory --- Syllogism --- Aggregates --- Classes (Mathematics) --- Ensembles (Mathematics) --- Mathematical sets --- Sets (Mathematics) --- Theory of sets --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Non-monotonic reasoning --- Logic, Many-valued --- Logic, Multivalued --- Logic, Variable-valued --- Multivalued logic --- Variable-valued logic --- Nonclassical mathematical logic --- Values