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The growing demand for new forms of energy has led to a significant increase in the use of biomass as a primary source of energy. Although in many situations, the use of biomass is clearly well studied, in other cases, it is a new world, where knowledge is absent regarding how to best value and recycle these forms of biomass, many of which are classified as waste as a result of production processes. Thermochemical conversion technologies could provide an alternative for the processing of these materials, allowing for a reuse value through the transformation of their properties. The purpose of this Special Issue is to contribute to the increase in knowledge in this area when new forms of biomass appear that are cheaper and more available, but also are potentially more problematic, namely in terms of the effects that can be associated with the use of these new products.This Special Issue is focused on the recycling and recovery of biomass materials. Several innovative and alternative concepts can be presented, and the topics of energy recovery, circular economy, life cycle assessment, and supply chain could play a major role. Models on various temporal and geographical scales to understand the conditions of technical as well as organizational change are welcome, as are new methods of modeling that can fulfil technical and physical boundary conditions and consider economic, environmental, and social aspects.

olive pomace --- thermochemical conversion --- energy recovery --- circular economy --- biomass waste --- feedstock --- waste cooking oil --- engine characteristics --- exhaust emissions --- specific energy consumption --- fuel consumption --- abattoir wastes --- biogas --- biofertilizer --- anaerobic digestion --- environmental pollution --- potassium carbonate --- cocoa pod husk --- biomass ash --- batik --- clean production --- natural --- organic materials --- Semarang City --- commercial crab species --- red king crab --- waste processing --- hepatopancreas --- proteases --- hyaluronidase --- flotation --- seawater --- collectors --- vegetable oil --- recycled vegetable oil --- waste lubricating oil --- characterization --- used oil management --- invasive forest species --- wood pellets --- sustainability --- value chain --- biodegradation --- bioplastics --- lignocellulosic fibers --- microbial polyesters --- energy recovery of agricultural waste --- biomass pellets --- ENplus® --- essential oil production --- agro-waste recycling --- mushroom cultivation --- closing the loop --- HPLC-MS analysis --- residue valorization --- hydrothermal liquefaction --- biorefinery --- macroalgae --- value-added products