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"O objetivo principal de Marcelo Passini Mariano nesta obra é investigar como a política externa do Brasil, o principal integrante do Mercosul, relaciona-se com o bloco regional e de que maneira se revela na sua configuração e nos seus impasses. A partir de análises que entendem que a crise vivida pelo bloco não decorre exclusivamente de questões comerciais, o autor afirma que parte dos desafios atuais do bloco regional tem origem na própria concepção da política externa brasileira, que privilegia sua expansão para o restante da América do Sul em detrimento do aprofundamento da integração. Assim, em A política externa brasileira e a integração regional, Mariano discute a hipótese de que, para o Mercosul expandir-se, seria necessária uma mudança em alguns preceitos da política externa brasileira em relação ao escopo dos processos de integração, em especial sobre a questão da autonomia de cada nação."

MERCOSUR (Organization) --- Since 1985 --- Brazil --- South America --- Brazil. --- South America. --- Foreign relations --- Economic integration. --- Foreign economic relations. --- POLITICAL SCIENCE

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In January 1995, four Latin American countries, Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay joined their destinies within a common and ambitious enterprise called MERCOSUR. MERCOSUR, the Common Market of the South, represents an important economic integration area that generates a GDP of $US 600 billion, providing a market of 200 million people spread over an area of 12 million square km. Initially, MERCOSUR performance has been more than successful, as intra-MERCOSUR trade has increased significantly. However, the elimination of intra-MERCOSUR tariffs will not be efficient if at the same time the sharp variability of nominal exchange rates artificially affects the relative prices of different products. The question as to the choice of the optimal exchange rate system to be adopted among MERCOSUR countries becomes critical if MERCOSUR states attempt to go further along the path of increasing their trade flows of goods and services. The study contributes to filling this gap by providing some alternative answers to this issue. The analysis has been based on three pillars: a theoretical review of exchange rate systems; a review of the European experience; and an analysis of the Latin American experience.

EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- LAM / Latin America - Latijns Amerika - Amérique Latine --- 333.825 --- 334.151.27 --- Deviezenpolitiek. Interventies. --- Europees monetair stelsel. --- Foreign exchange rates --- Exchange rates --- Fixed exchange rates --- Flexible exchange rates --- Floating exchange rates --- Fluctuating exchange rates --- Foreign exchange --- Rates of exchange --- Deviezenpolitiek. Interventies --- Europees monetair stelsel --- Rates --- MERCOSUR (Organization) --- Mercado Común del Sur --- Mercosul (Organization) --- Southern Cone Common Market --- Common Market of the South --- Mercado Común del Cono Sur --- Unión de Naciones Suramericanas --- South America --- Economic integration. --- Political science & theory --- Monetary economics --- International economics --- European --- Exchange --- from --- Lessons --- Marengo --- MERCOSUR --- Policy --- Rate --- Union

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Derecho internacional --- International law --- Law of nations --- Nations, Law of --- Public international law --- Law --- Unión de Naciones Suramericanas. --- South America --- Economic integration. --- Foreign economic relations. --- Union of South American Nations --- União de Nações Sul-Americanas --- Unie van Zuid-Amerikaanse Naties --- UNASUR (Organization) --- USAN (Organization) --- UZAN (Organization) --- UNASUL (Organization) --- Unión Sudamericana --- MERCOSUR (Organization) --- Comunidad Andina --- Comunidad Sudamericana de Naciones

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"How and under what conditions does the European Union (EU) shape processes of institution building in other regional organizations? This book develops and tests a theory of interorganizational diffusion in international relations that explains how successful pioneer organizations shape institutional choices in other organizations by affecting the institutional preferences and bargaining strategies of national governments. The author argues that Europe's foremost regional organization systematically affects institution building abroad, but that such influence varies across different types of organizations. Mixing quantitative and qualitative methods, it shows how the EU institutionally strengthens regional organizations through active engagement and by building its own institutions at home. Yet, the contractual nature of other regional organizations bounds this causal influence; EU influence makes a distinguishable difference primarily in those organizations that, like the EU itself, rest on an open-ended contract. Evidence for these claims is drawn from the statistical analysis of a dataset on the institutionalization of 35 regional organizations in the period from 1950 to 2017 as well as detailed single and comparative case studies on institutional creation and change in the Southern African Development Community, Mercosur, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the North American Free Trade Agreement"--

Regionalism (International organization) --- European Union. --- European Union countries --- Foreign relations. --- European Union countries - Foreign relations. --- Diplomatic relations. --- International organization --- European Union --- Influence. --- E.U. --- regional organizations, diffusion, institutional design, institutional change, contractual open-endedness, EU, Mercosur, SADC, ASEAN, NAFTA, mixed methods

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First collective effort of specialists, dealing in depth with the issue of human resources in health in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. The book addresses the integration process and reflects on the situation in the field of human resources in these countries, with a focus on training, professional practice and the labour market - crossing and analysing data, comparing them - in the search for the establishment of a real picture. It also includes the Treaty for the Constitution of a Common Market (the Treaty of Asunción) and the Regulation of the Mercosur Joint Parliamentary Commission.

Medical personnel --- Supply and demand --- MERCOSUR (Organization) --- Health care personnel --- Health care professionals --- Health manpower --- Health personnel --- Health professions --- Health sciences personnel --- Health services personnel --- Healthcare professionals --- Medical manpower --- Professional employees --- Mercado Común del Sur --- Mercosul (Organization) --- Southern Cone Common Market --- Common Market of the South --- Mercado Común del Cono Sur --- Unión de Naciones Suramericanas --- Recursos humanos em saúde - Brasil --- Recursos humanos em saúde - Paraguai --- Recursos humanos em saúde - Argentina --- Recursos humanos em saúde - Uruguai