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The increasing demand for powerful, reliable, and efficient gyrotron oscillators for Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating (ECRH) in fusion plasma experiments requires a close look at the various factors in gyrotrons that determine gyrotron performance. In this frame, the influence of emitter surface roughness, emission inhomogeneity, and secondary electron generation on gyrotron operation is presented, with focus on Low Frequency Oscillations (LFOs) and Electron Beam Halo (EBH) generation.

Strahlsysteme --- Emitter --- Low Frequency Oscillations --- Magnetron Injection Gun --- Gyrotron --- Electron Beam Halo --- Electron Beam HaloGyrotron

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Veel huishoudelijke apparaten zijn verlengstukken of vervangingen van menselijke functies. Maar levert verbeterde productiviteit meer vrije tijd op ? Gaan er geen sociale contacten verloren doordat we niet meer samen de afwas doen ?

huishoudelijk apparaat --- huishouden --- 157 --- Afzuigkap --- Centrale verwarming --- Filosofie --- Fruitpers --- Huishoudapparaten --- Inductiekookplaat --- Koelkast --- Koffiezetapparaat --- Kookplaat --- Magnetron --- Microgolfoven --- Radio --- Stofzuiger --- Strijkijzer --- Vaatwasser --- Verwarming --- Wasmachine --- 157.9 --- Vorstenbosch, Jan --- huishoudapparaten --- wijsbegeerte --- Wijsbegeerte van c. 1900 tot heden --- geschiedenis der wijsbegeerte, 1900-heden, overige afzonderlijke stelsels

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Since the great success of graphene, atomically thin-layered nanomaterials, called two dimensional (2D) materials, have attracted tremendous attention due to their extraordinary physical properties. Specifically, van der Waals heterostructured architectures based on a few 2D materials, named atomic-scale Lego, have been proposed as unprecedented platforms for the implementation of versatile devices with a completely novel function or extremely high-performance, shifting the research paradigm in materials science and engineering. Thus, diverse 2D materials beyond existing bulk materials have been widely studied for promising electronic, optoelectronic, mechanical, and thermoelectric applications. Especially, this Special Issue included the recent advances in the unique preparation methods such as exfoliation-based synthesis and vacuum-based deposition of diverse 2D materials and also their device applications based on interesting physical properties. Specifically, this Editorial consists of the following two parts: Preparation methods of 2D materials and Properties of 2D materials

α-MoO3 --- carbon nitride --- g-C3N4 --- molybdenum trioxide --- nanoplates --- synthesis --- few-layer MoS2 --- magnetron sputtering --- magnetron sputtering power --- raman spectroscopy --- disorder --- V2Se9 --- atomic crystal --- mechanical exfoliation --- scanning Kelvin probe microscopy --- MoS2 --- black phosphorus --- 2D/2D heterojunction --- junction FET --- tunneling diode --- tunneling FET --- band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) --- natural molybdenite --- MoS2 nanosheet --- SiO2 --- liquid exfoliation --- photoelectric properties --- uniaxial strain --- flexible substrate --- film–substrate interaction --- photoluminescence --- Raman spectroscopy --- molybdenum disulfide --- bilayer-stacked structure --- WS2 --- lubricant additives --- tribological properties --- interfacial layer --- contact resistance --- bias stress stability --- saturable absorbers --- Langmuir–Blodgett technique --- Q-switched laser --- chemical vapor deposition --- P2O5 --- p-type conduction --- P-doped MoS2 --- transition metal dichalcogenides --- two-dimensional materials --- ferroelectrics --- 2D heterostructure --- WSe2 --- NbSe2 --- Nb2O5 interlayer --- synapse device --- neuromorphic system --- n/a --- film-substrate interaction --- Langmuir-Blodgett technique

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The book is devoted to the design, application and characterization of thin films and structures, with special emphasis on optical applications. It comprises ten papers—five featured and five regular—authored by scientists all over the world. Diverse materials are studied and their possible applications are demonstrated and discussed—transparent conductive coatings and structures from ZnO doped with Al and Ga and Ti-doped SnO2, polymers and nanosized zeolite thin films for optical sensing, TiO2 with linear and nonlinear optical properties, organic diamagnetic materials, broadband optical coatings, CrWN glass molding coatings, and silicon on insulator waveguides.

faraday rotation --- thin films --- magneto-optics --- organic material --- tolane derivatives --- optical coatings --- monitoring --- deposition --- titanium dioxide --- optical constants --- two-photon absorption --- nonlinear refraction --- scattering --- laser-induced deflection --- absorption measurement --- CrWN coatings --- microstructure evolution --- spinodal decomposition --- thermal stability --- hardness --- plasma enhanced magnetron sputtering --- sidewall roughness --- optical scattering loss --- silicon-on-insulator waveguide --- multilayer --- ZnO --- Ag --- TCO --- transmittance --- structure --- resistance --- SnO2 --- Ti-doped --- annealing temperature --- electrical resistivity --- optical sensors --- optical materials --- zeolites --- ellipsometry --- single wavelength ellipsometry --- spectroscopic ellipsometry --- poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymers --- humidity sensing --- Al-doped ZnO --- ALD technique --- transparent conductive layers --- LC display --- flexible PDLC devices --- transparent conductive coatings --- optical sensing --- broadband design --- linear and non-linear optical properties --- organic diamagnetic materials

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Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO), also known as micro-arc oxidation (MAO), functionalizes surfaces, improving the mechanical, thermal, and corrosion performance of metallic substrates, along with other tailored properties (e.g., biocompatibility, catalysis, antibacterial response, self-lubrication, etc.). The extensive field of applications of this technique ranges from structural components, in particular, in the transport sector, to more advanced fields, such as bioengineering. The present Special Issue covers the latest advances in PEO‐coated light alloys for structural (Al, Mg) and biomedical applications (Ti, Mg), with 10 research papers and 1 review from leading research groups around the world.

magnesium --- plasma electrolytic oxidation --- SiO2 particle --- corrosion resistance --- wear resistance --- micro arc oxidation (MAO) --- Cu nano-layer --- hydrophilic surface --- apatite --- in vitro bioactivity --- antibacterial properties --- PEO --- LDH --- active protection --- corrosion --- aluminium --- biodegradable implants --- magnesium alloy --- micro-arc oxidation --- Taguchi method --- SBF --- in-vivo test --- biodegradability --- plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) --- aluminum 6082 --- luminescent coatings --- phosphorescence --- anodized aluminum --- Mott-Schottky analysis --- defect --- annealing --- titanium dioxide --- anatase and rutile --- surface treatment --- wear --- medical engineering --- aluminum --- titanium --- Al7075 alloy --- aluminum oxide --- molten salt --- microhardness --- radio frequency magnetron sputtering (RFMS) --- calcium-phosphate (CaP) coating --- n/a