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Portus, investigaciones geoarqueológicas en el muelle este-oeste collects the scientific results of the geoarchaeological project on the east-west pier of Portus (Rome) developed within the framework of the Archaeological Projects Abroad program of the Ministerio de Cultura y Deporte of the Kingdom of Spain, and also under a collaboration agreement between the University of Huelva and the Parco Archeologico di Ostia Antica. Since 2017, without interruption until the present, various excavation and study campaigns have focused their efforts on the pier via an inter- and multidisciplinary methodology involving archaeologists, geologists, palaeobotanists and palaeontologists. Thus, excavation activities, geophysical prospecting, petrographic, archaeometric studies and architectural analysis have been developed, always with the application of new photogrammetric techniques and laser scanning, which have allowed us to obtain a significant volume of data. Its analysis and interpretation now gives the most extensive and up-to-date picture of one of the most interesting and extensive docks in Portus, with new contributions related to its chronology, with a building phase from the fourth century AD; its construction system, whose foundations have been determined; the surrounding paleoenvironment, with new data related to the silting process of the Claudio inlet; as well as the changes that occured in the transition to the Early Middle Ages, among others.
History --- Geology --- Chronology --- Roman Ports --- Palaeoenvironment --- Photogrammetry --- Laser Scanning --- Social Science / Archaeology --- History / Ancient / Rome --- Social science. --- Archaeology. --- Rome --- Social sciences. --- History.
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The book presents a method to create a land cover map from lidar data (elevation, intensity and standard deviation of height). The intensity of the observed object depends on many factors and is therefore not easy to interpret. With careful study of the problem and implementing various improvements we managed to distinctively classify categories of grass, agricultural fields and asphalt. We used standard deviation of height to differentiate trees and buildings, because this was not possible using intensity data alone. On the basis of independent lidar data a high quality three dimensional land cover map of local area has been successfully generated. It distinguishes five basic categories, although more detailed sub-categories could be introduced if necessary. Once the methodology is determined, products can be generated fully automatically, with minimal effort and costs. The resulting maps are of very high positional and thematic accuracy with numerous advantages for local studies. Knjiga opisuje postopek izdelave karte pokrovnosti iz podatkov lidarskega snemanja, kot so višina, intenziteta in standardni odklon višine. Intenziteta opazovanega objekta je odvisna od vrste dejavnikov in zato težavna za interpretacijo. Po njeni preučitvi in nekaterih izboljšavah smo zelo dobro razločili kategorije pokrovnosti trava, njive in asfalt, za razločitev dreves in stavb pa smo morali uporabiti še standardni odklon višin. Na osnovi samostojnih lidarskih podatkov smo uspeli izdelati kakovostno karto pokrovnosti krajevnega območja, ki loči pet osnovnih kategorij, po potrebi pa jih lahko ločimo tudi več. Ko je postopek izdelave karte znan, lahko karto izdelamo povsem samodejno, z minimalnim naporom in stroški. Pri tem dobimo karto zelo dobre položajne in tematske natančnosti, s številnimi prednostmi za krajevne študije.
aerial laser scanning --- coverage --- intensity --- land cover --- lidar --- remote sensing --- Slovenia --- daljinsko zaznavanje --- intenziteta --- pokrovnost --- pokrovnost tal --- Slovenija --- zračno lasersko skeniranje
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Non-Intrusive Methodologies for Large Area Urban Research brings together contributions from a conference held in 2021 in association with the ERC-funded 'Rome Transformed' research project. The papers address a major challenge in archaeology. Non-intrusive research in pursuit of a deeper understanding of urban areas can be both richly informative and cost-effective. Multiple successes in the field have led to an impressive array of innovative methodologies, methodologies that are frequently combined for still greater insight and impact. Geophysical surveys, the use of UAVs, the study of exposed historic structures and the exhaustive examination of archival records can all play a vital role, and the development of these data capture methodologies is of the utmost importance for the future of research. As well as advances in data capture methodologies, however, the papers also present case studies in the management of the big data generated and in the integration of different methodologies. A further strength of this collection lies in the range of site types considered. While many projects have historically pursued non-intrusive research in areas relatively clear of modern buildings, a growing number of research initiatives, such as 'Rome Transformed' are seeking to advance them in areas which remain densely occupied. Accordingly the material presented here will also be of interest to non-archaeologists working in such diverse fields as civil engineering, urban planning and physical geography.
Social sciences --- Ground Penetrating Radar --- Archival Research --- Geophysics --- Electrical Resistance Tomography --- Big Data --- Metadata --- Laser-scanning --- Urban Archaeology --- Photogammetry --- Social Science / Archaeology --- Computers / Data Science / Data Analytics --- Science / Physics / Geophysics --- Archaeology. --- Physics. --- Geophysics. --- Computers. --- Analytics. --- Social sciences. --- Visual analytics.
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Mobile mapping is applied widely in society, for example, in asset management, fleet management, construction planning, road safety, and maintenance optimization. Yet, further advances in these technologies are called for. Advances can be radical, such as changes to the prevailing paradigms in mobile mapping, or incremental, such as the state-of-the-art mobile mapping methods. With current multi-sensor systems in mobile mapping, laser-scanned data are often registered in point clouds with the aid of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning or simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) techniques and then labeled and colored with the aid of machine learning methods and digital camera data. These multi-sensor platforms are beginning to undergo further advancements via the addition of multi-spectral and other sensors and via the development of machine learning techniques used in processing this multi-modal data. Embedded systems and minimalistic system designs are also attracting attention, from both academic and commercial perspectives.This book contains the accepted publications of the Special Issue 'Advances in Mobile Mapping Technologies' of the Remote Sensing journal. It consists of works introducing a new mobile mapping dataset (‘Paris CARLA 3D’), system calibration studies, SLAM topics, and multiple deep learning works for asset detection. We, the Guest Editors, Ville Lehtola from University of Twente, Netherlands, Andreas Nüchter from University of Würzburg, Germany, and François Goulette from Mines Paris- PSL University, France, wish to thank all the authors who contributed to this collection.
LiDAR --- RetinaNet --- inception --- Mobile Laser Scanning --- point clouds --- data fusion --- Lidar --- point cloud density --- point cloud coverage --- mobile mapping systems --- 3D simulation --- Pandar64 --- Ouster OS-1-64 --- mobile laser scanning --- lever arm --- boresight angles --- plane-based calibration field --- configuration analysis --- accuracy --- controllability --- evaluation --- control points --- TLS reference point clouds --- visual–inertial odometry --- Helmert variance component estimation --- line feature matching method --- correlation coefficient --- point and line features --- mobile mapping --- manhole cover --- point cloud --- F-CNN --- transfer learning --- CAM localization --- loop closure detection --- visual SLAM --- semantic topology graph --- graph matching --- CNN features --- deep learning --- view planning --- imaging network design --- building 3D modelling --- path planning --- V-SLAM --- real-time --- guidance --- embedded-systems --- 3D surveying --- exposure control --- photogrammetry --- parking statistics --- vehicle detection --- robot operating system --- 3D camera --- RGB-D --- performance evaluation --- convolutional neural networks --- smart city --- georeferencing --- MSS --- IEKF --- DSIEKF --- geometrical constraints --- 6-DoF --- DTM --- 3D city model --- dataset --- laser scanning --- 3D mapping --- synthetic --- outdoor --- semantic --- scene completion
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Both climate change and air pollution have large negative impacts on physiological processes and functions at the individual tree level and on whole forest ecosystems. The objective of climate change and air quality monitoring is to make decisions, based on scientific knowledge, regarding how to best manage and improve the current state of the environment. Our ability to take urgent measures to combat climate change and its impact on forest ecosystems and conserve forest biodiversity depends upon our knowledge of the latest scientific results on the status of forest ecosystems. Unfortunately, there are a lot of gaps in our knowledge of the detection and monitoring of their effects on forest ecosystems. This book presents relevant results from scientific research in the fields of climate change, air pollution, forest conservation, protection and monitoring that can contribute to a better science–policy interaction and to the elaboration of specific strategies, in accordance with the areas of forest sciences from IUFRO RG 8.04.00 - Impacts of air pollution and climate change on forest ecosystems.
silver fir --- radial growth --- wood characteristics --- drought response --- climate change --- current annual increment --- percentage volume increment --- basal area --- tree diameter --- tree form-height --- air pollution --- increment cores --- Norway spruce --- radial growth series --- gas exchange --- ecosystem restoration --- mountain forests --- photosynthesis --- diagnostic assessment --- forest ecosystem --- reference information --- restoration plan --- biodiversity --- forests --- valuing ecosystem services --- policy making --- SWAT --- hydrological model --- sensitivity analysis --- calibration --- validation --- small forested watershed --- temperate forests --- climate change effects --- Southern Carpathian forest management --- forest growth --- forest biomass --- virgin forests --- ecosystem services --- natural capital --- socio-economic system --- ecological indicators --- terrestrial laser scanning --- aerial laser scanning --- LANDIS-II --- PnET --- Southern Carpathians --- production --- species composition --- species abundance --- Romanian temperate forests --- n/a
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Popular culture is rife with movies, books, and television shows that address our collective curiosity about what the world was like long ago. From historical dramas to science fiction tales of time travel, audiences love stories that reimagine the world before our time. But what if there were a field that, through the advancements in technology, could bring us closer to the past than ever before? Written by a preeminent expert in geospatial archaeology, Maps for Time Travelers is a guide to how technology is revolutionizing the way archaeologists study and reconstruct humanity’s distant past. From satellite imagery to 3D modeling, today archaeologists are answering questions about human history that could previously only be imagined. As archaeologists create a better and more complete picture of the past, they sometimes find that truth is stranger than fiction.
Archaeology --- Remote sensing. --- 3d scanning. --- ancient civilizations. --- ancient cultures. --- anthropology. --- applied science. --- archaeologists. --- archaeology. --- carbon dating. --- dig site. --- digital atlas. --- digital mapping. --- drone technology. --- evolutionary history. --- geophysical diffraction. --- geospatial archaeology. --- geospatial technology. --- history. --- human history. --- laser scanning. --- lasers. --- modeling. --- nature. --- nonfiction. --- paleoindian database. --- prehistory. --- ruins. --- science. --- social science. --- stem. --- terrestrial laser.
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The monograph is a translated and complemented edition of the book Airborne laser scanning raster data visualization: A Guide to Good Practice. It provides an insight into a range of visualization techniques for high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs). It is provided in the context of investigation and interpretation of various types of historical and modern, cultural and natural small-scale relief features and landscape structures. It also provides concise guidance for selecting the best techniques when looking at a specific type of landscape and/or looking for particular kinds of forms.The three main sections – descriptions of visualization techniques, guidance for selection of the techniques, and visualization tools – accompany examples of visualizations, exemplar archaeological and geomorphological case studies, a glossary of terms, and a list of references and recommendations for further reading. The structure facilitates people of different academic background and level of expertise to understand different visualizations, how to read them, how to manipulate the settings in a calculation, and choose the best suited for the purpose of the intended investigation. Monografija nudi vpogled v nabor tehnik prikaza visokoločljivih modelov višin. Napisana je v kontekstu preučevanja in interpretacije različnih tipov zgodovinskih in modernih, kulturnih in naravnih majhnih reliefnih oblik. Daje jedrnate napotke za izbiro najboljših tehnik prikaza določenih tipov pokrajine in izrazitih oblik.Tri glavna poglavja – opis tehnik prikazovanja digitalnih modelov višin, napotki za njihovo izbiro in orodja za izračun prikazov –, spremljajo izbrani primeri tipičnih arheoloških in geomorfoloških študij, slovarček pojmov ter seznam literature in priporočenega branja. Posameznikom z različnih znanstvenih področij in z različnim predznanjem o tematiki je struktura v pomoč pri razumevanju različnih tehnik prikazov, kako jih brati, kako izbrati prave nastavitve pri njihovem izračunu in kako prepoznati najbolj primerne za namen zasnovane raziskave.
case studies --- digital heights model --- geodetic measurements --- geodetic methods --- geographical typology --- landscapes --- laser scanning --- laser techniques --- lidar --- manuals --- relief forms --- remote sensing --- settings --- spatial data --- technics --- tools --- visualization --- daljinsko zaznavanje --- digitalni model višin --- geodetska merjenja --- geodetske metode --- geografska tipologija --- krajine --- laserska tehnika --- lasersko skeniranje --- nastavitve --- orodja --- priročniki --- prostorski podatki --- reliefne oblike --- študije primerov --- tehnika --- vizualizacija
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This guide provides an insight into a range of visualization techniques for high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs). It is provided in the context of investigation and interpretation of various types of historical and modern, cultural and natural small-scale relief features and landscape structures. It also provides concise guidance for selecting the best techniques when looking at a specific type of landscape and/or looking for particular kinds of forms.The three main sections – descriptions of visualization techniques, guidance for selection of the techniques, and visualization tools – accompany examples of visualizations, exemplar archaeological and geomorphological case studies, a glossary of terms, and a list of references and recommendations for further reading. The structure facilitates people of different academic background and level of expertise to understand different visualizations, how to read them, how to manipulate the settings in a calculation, and choose the best suited for the purpose of the intended investigation.A smaller amount of books is also available in hardcover (ISBN 978-961-05-0011-7, 24 EUR). Monografija nudi vpogled v nabor tehnik prikaza visokoločljivih modelov višin. Napisana je v kontekstu preučevanja in interpretacije različnih tipov zgodovinskih in modernih, kulturnih in naravnih majhnih reliefnih oblik. Daje jedrnate napotke za izbiro najboljših tehnik prikaza določenih tipov pokrajine in izrazitih oblik.Tri glavna poglavja – opis tehnik prikazovanja digitalnih modelov višin, napotki za njihovo izbiro in orodja za izračun prikazov –, spremljajo izbrani primeri tipičnih arheoloških in geomorfoloških študij, slovarček pojmov ter seznam literature in priporočenega branja. Posameznikom z različnih znanstvenih področij in z različnim predznanjem o tematiki je struktura v pomoč pri razumevanju različnih tehnik prikazov, kako jih brati, kako izbrati prave nastavitve pri njihovem izračunu in kako prepoznati najbolj primerne za namen zasnovane raziskave.
case studies --- digital heights model --- geodetic measurements --- geodetic methods --- geographical typology --- landscapes --- laser scanning --- laser techniques --- lidar --- manuals --- relief forms --- remote sensing --- settings --- spatial data --- technics --- tools --- visualization --- daljinsko zaznavanje --- digitalni model višin --- geodetska merjenja --- geodetske metode --- geografska tipologija --- krajine --- laserska tehnika --- lasersko skeniranje --- nastavitve --- orodja --- priročniki --- prostorski podatki --- reliefne oblike --- študije primerov --- tehnika --- vizualizacija
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In geodesy and geoinformation science, as well as in many other technical disciplines, it is often not possible to directly determine the desired target quantities. Therefore, the unknown parameters must be linked with the measured values by a mathematical model which consists of the functional and the stochastic models. The functional model describes the geometrical–physical relationship between the measurements and the unknown parameters. This relationship is sufficiently well known for most applications. With regard to the stochastic model, two problem domains of fundamental importance arise: 1. How can stochastic models be set up as realistically as possible for the various geodetic observation methods and sensor systems? 2. How can the stochastic information be adequately considered in appropriate least squares adjustment models? Further questions include the interpretation of the stochastic properties of the computed target values with regard to precision and reliability and the use of the results for the detection of outliers in the input data (measurements). In this Special Issue, current research results on these general questions are presented in ten peer-reviewed articles. The basic findings can be applied to all technical scientific fields where measurements are used for the determination of parameters to describe geometric or physical phenomena.
EM-algorithm --- multi-GNSS --- PPP --- process noise --- observation covariance matrix --- extended Kalman filter --- machine learning --- GNSS phase bias --- sequential quasi-Monte Carlo --- variance reduction --- autoregressive processes --- ARMA-process --- colored noise --- continuous process --- covariance function --- stochastic modeling --- time series --- elementary error model --- terrestrial laser scanning --- variance-covariance matrix --- terrestrial laser scanner --- stochastic model --- B-spline approximation --- Hurst exponent --- fractional Gaussian noise --- generalized Hurst estimator --- very long baseline interferometry --- sensitivity --- internal reliability --- robustness --- CONT14 --- Errors-In-Variables Model --- Total Least-Squares --- prior information --- collocation vs. adjustment --- mean shift model --- variance inflation model --- outlierdetection --- likelihood ratio test --- Monte Carlo integration --- data snooping --- GUM analysis --- geodetic network adjustment --- stochastic properties --- random number generator --- Monte Carlo simulation --- 3D straight line fitting --- total least squares (TLS) --- weighted total least squares (WTLS) --- nonlinear least squares adjustment --- direct solution --- singular dispersion matrix --- laser scanning data
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Mobile Mapping technologies have seen a rapid growth of research activity and interest in the last years, due to the increased demand of accurate, dense and geo-referenced 3D data. Their main characteristic is the ability of acquiring 3D information of large areas dynamically. This versatility has expanded their application fields from the civil engineering to a broader range (industry, emergency response, cultural heritage...), which is constantly widening. This increased number of needs, some of them specially challenging, is pushing the Scientific Community, as well as companies, towards the development of innovative solutions, ranging from new hardware / open source software approaches and integration with other devices, up to the adoption of artificial intelligence methods for the automatic extraction of salient features and quality assessment for performance verification The aim of the present book is to cover the most relevant topics and trends in Mobile Mapping Technology, and also to introduce the new tendencies of this new paradigm of geospatial science.
LRF --- smartphone --- unmanned vehicle --- sensor fusion --- 2D laser scanner --- semantic enrichment --- Vitis vinifera --- indoor scenes --- terrestrial laser scanning --- vine size --- quadric fitting --- multi-group-step L-M optimization --- grammar --- MLS --- indoor topological localization --- trajectory fusion --- second order hidden Markov model --- room type tagging --- fingerprinting --- restoration --- laser scanning --- map management --- Lidar localization system --- point clouds --- binary vocabulary --- self-calibration --- 3D processing --- cultural heritage --- encoder --- category matching --- indoor mapping --- convolutional neural network (CNN) --- tunnel cross section --- visual positioning --- enhanced RANSAC --- segmentation-based feature extraction --- image retrieval --- handheld --- crowdsourcing trajectory --- visual landmark sequence --- indoor localization --- mobile mapping --- rapid relocation --- sensors configurations --- precision agriculture --- 3D digitalization --- mobile laser scanning --- robust statistical analysis --- plant vigor --- motion estimation --- visual simultaneous localization and mapping --- dynamic environment --- Bayesian inference --- automated database construction --- portable mobile mapping system --- SLAM --- small-scale vocabulary --- ORB-SLAM2 --- LiDAR --- IMMS --- point cloud --- optical sensors --- tunnel central axis --- constrained nonlinear least-squares problem --- 3D point clouds --- wearable mobile laser system --- geometric features --- 2D laser range-finder --- RGB-D camera --- OctoMap
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