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This book describes medieval Islamic medicine and to explore a specific medical text, On the Prevention of Bodily Ills in Egypt by 'Ali ibn Ridwan (A.D. 998 - 1068). It seeks to answer the following questions: What did it mean to be a doctor in medieval Islamic society? What was the nature of the medicine that physicians practiced? And what was the relationship between physician and patient?

ʻAlī ibn Riḍwān,

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A unique collection of studies, the present volume sheds new light on central themes of Ibn Taymiyya's (661/1263-728/1328) and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya's (691/1292-751/1350) thought and the relevance of their ideas to diverse Muslim societies. Investigating their positions in Islamic theology, philosophy and law, the contributions discuss a wide range of subjects, e.g. law and order; the divine compulsion of human beings; the eternity of eschatological punishment; the treatment of Sufi terminology; and the proper Islamic attitude towards Christianity. Notably, a section of the book is dedicated to analyzing Ibn Taymiyya's struggle for and against reason as well as his image as a philosopher in contemporary Islamic thought. Several articles present the influential legacy of both thinkers in shaping an Islamic discourse facing the challenges of modernity. This volume will be especially useful for students and scholars of Islamic studies, philosophy, sociology, theology, and history of ideas.

Islam --- Ibn Qayyim, Al-Jawziyya --- Ibn Taymiyya, Ahmad --- Islamic law --- Hanbalites --- Hanbalites. --- Islamic law. --- Hanbaliten. --- Islamische Philosophie. --- Islam. --- Recht. --- Doctrines --- History. --- Doctrines. --- Ibn Taymīyah, Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Ḥalīm, --- Ibn Qayyim al-Jawzīyah, Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr, --- Ibn-Qaiyim al-Ǧauzīya, Muḥammad Ibn-Abī-Bakr, --- Ibn-Taimīya, Aḥmad Ibn-ʻAbd-al-Ḥalīm, --- Ibn Qayyim al-Jawzīyah, Muḥammad ibn Abī Bakr, --- Ibn Taymīyah, Aḥmad ibn ʻAbd al-Ḥalīm, --- Islamic Law. --- Islamic Philosophy. --- Islamic Reform. --- Islamic Religion.

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A Qurʾān Commentary by Ibn Barrajān of Seville (d. 536/1141) is a critical Arabic text edition of a medieval Muslim Qurʾān commentary entitled, Īḍāḥ al-ḥikma bi-aḥkām al-ʿibra ( Wisdom Deciphered, the Unseen Discovered ). The annotated Arabic text is accompanied by an analytical introduction and an extensive subject index. This Qurʾān commentary is Ibn Barrajān’s last and most esoteric work, and as such offers the most explicit articulation of his mystical and philosophical doctrines. It synthesizes his teachings, drawn from a wide array of Islamic disciplines, and provides a link between early Sufism and Muslim mysticism in medieval Spain (Andalusia). The Īḍāḥ moreover is the earliest known work of its kind to make extensive use of Arabic Biblical material as proof texts for Qurʾānic doctrines.

Ibn Barrajān, ʻAbd al-Salām ibn ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad, --- Qurʼan --- Commentaries

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Ibn Khall?d was a disciple of the famous Mu?tazil? theologian, Ab? H?shim al-Jubb??? (d. 933). His otherwise lost theological summa, K. al-U??l, has reached us embedded in the Ziy?d?t Shar? al-U??l by the Zayd? Im?m al-N??iq bi-l-?aqq (d. 1033). This volume contains an editio princeps of this text.

Motazilites --- Ibn Khallad, Abu `Ali Muhammad,

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As a philosopher, psychologist, and physician, the German thinker Hermann Lotze (1817–1881) defies classification. Working in the mid-nineteenth-century era of programmatic realism, he critically reviewed and rearranged theories and concepts in books on pathology, physiology, medical psychology, anthropology, history, aesthetics, metaphysics, logic, and religion. Leading anatomists and physiologists reworked his hypotheses about the central and autonomic nervous systems. Dozens of fin-de-siècle philosophical contemporaries emulated him, yet often without acknowledgment, precisely because he had made conjecture and refutation into a method. In spite of Lotze's status as a pivotal figure in nineteenth-century intellectual thought, no complete treatment of his work exists, and certainly no effort to take account of the feminist secondary literature. Hermann Lotze: An Intellectual Biography is the first full-length historical study of Lotze's intellectual origins, scientific community, institutional context, and worldwide reception.

Knowledge, Theory of --- Metaphysics --- Aristotle. --- Averroës, --- Giles, --- Aristoteles. --- Abū al-Walīd ibn Rushd, --- Abū al-Walīd Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Rushd, --- Abū el-Walīd ibn Roshd, --- Abuʼl-Walid Muhammad bin Rusjd, --- Alṿalid ibn Rushd, --- Averroè, --- Averróis, --- Bin Rusjd, Muhammad bin Ahmad, --- Ibn-e-Rushd, --- Ibn-i Rushd, --- Ibn Rashad, --- Ibn Rochd, --- Ibn Roshd, Abū el-Walīd, --- Ibn Roshd, --- Ibn Ruschd, --- Ibn Rušd, --- Ibn Rushd, --- Ibn Rushd al-Ḥafīd, --- Ibn Rushd, Abū al-Walīd, --- Ibn Rushd, Abū al-Walīd Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad, --- Ibn Rushd, Abul Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad, --- Ibnu Rosjid, --- Ibnu Rusjd, --- ‏ابن رشد،‏ --- Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Rushd, --- Lotze, Hermann, --- Lotze, Rudolf Hermann, --- Lotze, Rudolph Hermann,