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Hyperlipidemias --- Hypolipidemic Agents --- Dyslipidemias --- Antimetabolites --- Lipid Regulating Agents --- Therapeutic Uses --- Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action --- Lipid Metabolism Disorders --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Metabolic Diseases --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Diseases --- Anticholesteremic Agents --- Hypercholesterolemia

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This special issue of JCM ‘The Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis’ will walk the Readers across novel diagnostic achievements in atherosclerosis and contemporary actions towards optimizing therapy.Everything begins with diagnosis. Accurate diagnostic tools and tests are of utmost importance. Contemporary research on microparticles, non-coding RNAs, proteomic characterization, …, offers detailed molecular characteristics of athero-thrombosis.Prevention is equally important as treatment. The impact of eating habits in prophylaxis of many pathologies, including cardiovascular disease has been documented.Then new pharmacological agents. Managing hypercholesterolemia with PCSK9 inhibitors, shown great potential in efficient lipid lowering to achieve LDL-C treatment goals, as well as reduction in cardiovascular mortality and morbidity.However, therapeutic goals accomplishment requires supervision. Arising number of data support that cardiovascular risk prediction can be improved with imaging modalities displaying atheroma: carotid plaque ultrasonography, coronary calcium score, intravascular ultrasonography, and optical coherent tomography or many others.As atherosclerosis is a progressive disease, it comes the time for more radical management, including endovascular and surgical intervention. There is field for new stent and equipment technologies, new surgical and endovascular techniques, supervision of endovascular procedures with IVUS, OCT, functional flow assessment or cell therapy.From diagnosis to risk stratification, elaborated prevention models, finally to modern and optimized therapeutic intervention.

familial hypercholesterolemia --- genetic screening --- atherosclerosis prevention --- early detection --- atherosclerosis --- cigarette smoking --- miR-27b --- peripheral artery disease --- subclinical atherosclerosis --- SCORE --- Framingham --- QRISK --- PROCAM --- cardiovascular risk --- pulse wave velocity --- intima media thickness --- malondialdehyde low-density lipoprotein --- high-risk plaque --- coronary computed tomography angiography --- statin --- cardiovascular risk factors --- heart failure --- major cardiac and cerebral ischemic events --- degenerative aortic stenosis --- risk stratification --- vascular resistance --- cardiovascular disease --- acute myocardial infarction --- intravascular imaging --- statins --- control-theoretic model --- logistic growth --- coronary artery disease --- fibrin clot --- fibrinolysis --- thromboembolism --- carotid intima-media complex --- carotid plaque --- major adverse cardiac and cerebral events --- prevention --- scores --- vitamin D --- myocardial infarction --- males --- Coronary Artery Surgery Study Score --- n/a

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Dyslipidemia, and particularly hypercholesterolemia, remains a main cardiovascular disease risk factor, partly reversible with the improvement of life-style, including dietary, habits. Even when a pharmacological treatment is begun, dietary support to lipid-lowering is always desired. This book will provide a selection of new evidence on the possible lipid-lowering effects of some dietary and medicinal plant components, reporting some interesting reviews, experimental data and results from clinical trials. The book is adapted for experts in nutrition but also for all scientists involved in cardiovascular disease prevention.

beta-glucan --- fiber --- lipid profile --- cholesterol --- intestinal function --- green tea --- epigallocatechin gallate --- chitosan --- microspheres --- Eudragit --- metabolic diseases --- LCD score --- CHNS --- dyslipidemia --- dietary factor --- plant based --- animal based --- Chinese adults --- nutraceuticals --- PCSK9 --- SREBP --- HNF1α --- berberine --- metabolic syndrome --- plant extracts --- natural antioxidant --- polyphenols --- bergamot --- blackcurrant --- liver steatosis --- ovariectomized --- phytoestrogen --- vitamin B12 --- healthy --- Saudi Arabia --- serum cholesterol --- serum triglycerides --- serum low density lipoprotein --- serum high density lipoprotein --- dietary intake --- lifestyle --- black raspberry --- excessive choline --- TMAO --- hypercholesterolemia --- hepatic inflammation --- review --- CVD --- cardiovascular health --- dietary fats --- dietary fiber --- phytosterols --- plant-based diet --- dietary pattern --- sustainability --- propolis --- formononetin --- gastric ulcer --- rats --- Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat leaves --- obesity --- lipidomics --- liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry --- phospholipid --- sphingolipid --- monacolins --- LDL-cholesterol --- red yeast rice --- clinical trial --- endothelial function --- alpha-linolenic acid --- flaxseed --- lipids --- omega-3 --- walnuts --- type 2 diabetes mellitus --- glibenclamide --- omega-3 fatty acids --- high fat diet --- transcription factors --- streptozotocin --- Armolipid Plus® --- nutraceutical --- supplementation --- blood pressure --- fasting plasma glucose --- n/a

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Nutritional epidemiology examines dietary or nutritional factors in relation to the occurrence of disease in various populations. It is a fact that substantial progress has been made in recent years in nutritional epidemiology. Compared to the practice during the 1990s, and with the improvements in data analytics, several new approaches are gaining ground. Results from a variety of large-scale studies in the field of nutrition epidemiology have substantially contributed toward the evidence used in guiding dietary recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, some types of cancer, and other morbidities. In this Special Issue, we would like to bring readers closer to the state-of-the-art in the field by gathering papers covering different aspects of nutrition epidemiology from population-based observational studies. Topics of the submitted articles may, but not necessarily, include eating habits of various populations, especially of those not well-studied, such as in Africa, Oceania, South Americas, immigrants, minorities, as well as a variety of associations between nutrients/foods/food patterns and chronic diseases, like cardiovascular, diabetes, obesity, cancer, etc., and gene–nutrient and epigenome–nutrient interactions related to human health at all ages.

healthy diet indexes --- food intake --- apulia --- mind index --- dash index --- med-diet score --- dietary patterns --- eating restrictions --- food involvement --- adults --- obesity --- nutrition assessment --- diet survey --- dietary pattern analysis --- nutrient inadequacy --- overweight and obesity --- nutritional epidemiology --- nutrition transition --- pastoral nomadism --- Mongolia --- central Asia --- breakfast consumption --- breakfast composition --- children --- dietary intake --- dietary quality --- diet patterns --- cardiometabolic outcomes --- adiposity --- short-chain fatty acids --- BMI --- waist-to-height ratio --- fiber --- gut metagenome --- diet --- plant sterols --- stanols --- omega-3 fatty acids --- familial hypercholesterolemia --- nutritional status --- population survey --- oral frailty --- health behavior --- eating competence --- health outcomes --- validation --- questionnaire --- food consumption --- salty snack products --- students --- consumption --- salt intake --- health policies --- nutrition policies --- Europe --- primary care --- breakfast intake --- lifestyle behaviors --- sociodemographic factors

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is still associated with high morbidity and mortality incidence rates, and also bears an elevated risk of chronic kidney disease in the sequel. Whereas the kidney has a remarkable capacity for regeneration after injury and may recover completely depending on the type of renal lesions, the options for clinical intervention are restricted to fluid management and extracorporeal kidney support. The development of novel therapies to prevent AKI, to improve renal regeneration capacity after AKI, and to preserve renal function—in both the short- and long-term—is urgently needed. This Special Issue includes papers investigating the pathological mechanisms of renal inflammation and AKI and diagnostics using new biomarkers. Furthermore, experimental in vitro and in vivo studies examining potential new approaches to attenuate kidney dysfunction are included, as well as review articles.

inflammation --- chronic kidney disease --- anemia --- anemia of inflammation --- ESA hyporesponsiveness --- renal tubular epithelial cells --- macrophages --- lipocalin-2 --- iron --- cilastatin --- hypoxia inducible factor-1-α --- ischemia-reperfusion injury --- acute kidney injury --- cyclophilin A --- fibrosis --- renal fibrosis --- tubular necrosis --- preeclampsia --- podocytes --- VEGF --- FSGS --- proteinuria --- endocan --- ESM-1 --- renal replacement therapy --- kidney transplantation --- biomarker --- diabetic nephropathy --- focal segmental glomerulosclerosis --- innate immunity --- membranous nephropathy --- minimal change diseases --- TLR --- NOX1 --- ML171 --- reactive oxygen species --- ERK --- T cells --- glomerulonephritis --- chemokines --- renal disease --- DJ-1 --- ND-13 --- renal inflammation --- oxidative stress --- UUO --- autophagy --- apoptosis --- trehalose --- simvastatin --- endotoxin --- tubular apoptosis --- cytochrome C --- Bcl-XL --- survivin --- hypercholesterolemia --- xanthine oxidase --- NF-κB pathway --- tertiary lymphoid organs --- B cells --- BAFF --- kidney fibrosis --- myofibroblast activation --- extracellular matrix --- Hippo pathway --- verteporfin --- IgAN --- CKD --- progression --- ACEI --- corticosteroids --- costimulation --- coinhibition --- kidney transplant --- SPR --- protein binding affinity --- adaptive immunity --- epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition --- E. cava extracts --- dieckol --- spontaneously hypertensive rats --- angiotensin II --- n/a