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This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This book addresses the most recent developments in soil pollution and restoration, contaminant hydrology, and ground disturbance to stimulate fruitful technical and scientific interactions between professionals.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- groundwater --- hydrochemistry --- hexavalent chromium contamination --- water chemistry simulation --- construction disturbance --- replacement of embankment --- foamed cement banking technology --- post-construction settlement --- method of replacement thickness calculation --- steam injection --- ethanol --- azeotropic temperature --- heterogeneous aquifers --- nitrobenzene --- microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) --- unsaturated soil --- soil-water characteristic curves --- matrix suction --- microstructure --- molecular dynamics --- mechanical properties --- montmorillonite --- basal spacing --- long-term freeze–thaw cycles --- composite heavy metal contamination --- morphological analysis --- solidification/stabilization --- groundwater level fluctuation zone --- nitrogen --- migration and transformation --- HYDRUS-1D model --- kinetic adsorption and desorption --- groundwater table fluctuations --- Pb --- migration --- experimental study --- unsaturated subgrade --- capillary barrier --- distress control of wetting --- xanthan gum --- silt --- water retention capacity --- strength --- wetting process --- microscopic tests --- overconsolidation effect --- thermal pore water pressure --- calculation method --- saturated clay --- additives --- compacted clay cover --- moisture retention --- gas diffusion barrier --- hydraulic conductivity --- tidal action --- silty-clay soil --- riparian hyporheic zone --- inorganic nitrogen --- occurrence characteristics --- influencing factors --- n/a --- long-term freeze-thaw cycles

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Concrete is the most widely utilized construction material in the world. Thus, any action intended to enhance the sustainability of the construction industry must consider the supply chain, production, distribution demolition and eventual disposal, landfilling or recycling of this composite material. High-performance concrete may be one of the most effective options to make the construction sector more sustainable. Experience proves that the use of recycled concrete aggregates, as well as the partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement with other supplementary cementitious materials or alternative binders, are generally accepted as the most realistic solutions to reduce the environmental impacts, leading to sufficiently high mechanical performances. In structural applications such as those concerning the seismic and energy retrofitting of existing buildings, the use of high-performance cementitious composites often represents the more cost-effective solution, which allows us to minimize the costs of the intervention and the environmental impact. Eventually, the challenge of enhancing sustainability by raising durability of concrete structures is particularly relevant in those applications where maintenance is particularly expensive and impactful, in terms of both direct intervention costs and indirect costs deriving from downtime. The present Special Issue aims at providing readers with the most recent research results on the aforementioned subjects and further foster a collaboration between the scientific community and the industrial sector on a common commitment towards sustainable concrete constructions.

recycled concrete aggregate --- recycled aggregate concrete --- durability --- freeze-thaw cycles --- mechanical properties --- concrete --- recycled concrete --- recycled aggregate --- shrinkage --- slags --- cement replacement --- existing beams --- retrofitting method --- environmental assessment --- fly ash --- moment–curvature relationship --- precast elements --- basalt --- concrete properties --- recycled natural basalt --- recycled concrete powder --- seismic retrofitting --- multilayer coating --- Steel Fiber Reinforced Mortar --- energy performance of buildings --- point thermal bridges --- thermal behavior in summer --- case study --- prestressed concrete --- prestress losses --- bridges --- flexural strength --- shear strength --- drying and autogenous shrinkage --- creep --- sustainability --- shear bond --- UHPFRC --- push-off test --- tensile bond strength --- concrete overlay --- strengthening --- existing infrastructures --- digital microscopy --- surface roughness --- mortars --- MSWI bottom ash --- pozzolanic activity --- supplementary cementing materials --- water-retaining structures --- aggressive environment --- n/a --- moment-curvature relationship

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Studies on the corrosion and degradation of materials play a decisive role in the novel design and development of corrosion-resistant materials, the selection of materials used in harsh environments in designed lifespans, the invention of corrosion control methods and procedures (e.g., coatings, inhibitors), and the safety assessment and prediction of materials (i.e., modelling). These studies cover a wide range of research fields, including the calculation of thermodynamics, the characterization of microstructures, the investigation of mechanical and corrosion properties, the creation of corrosion coatings or inhibitors, and the establishment of corrosion modelling. This Special Issue is devoted to these types of studies, which facilitate the understanding of the corrosion fundamentals of materials in service, the development of corrosion coatings or methods, improving their durability, and eventually decreasing corrosion loss.

AC-HVAF --- FeB --- HEAs --- coating --- corrosion --- liquid zinc --- cuprous oxide nanochains --- thermal decomposition --- nanofluids --- photo-thermal conversion performance --- molecular dynamics --- binding energy --- crystallization prevention --- flocking for resisting blockage --- drainage pipe --- mechanochemical activation --- coal-gasification slag --- particle characteristics --- cementitious material --- reactivity --- traffic engineering --- damage identification --- deflection influence line --- continuous beam bridge --- multi-span bridges --- structural damage --- anti-blocking of flocking drainage pipe --- drainage pipe blockage by crystals --- mechanism --- mathematical modeling --- tunnel --- soft rock --- strain hardening/softening --- bearing capacity of footing --- numerical solution --- effect of intermediate principal stress --- CoCrFeNiSiMoW --- medium-entropy alloy coatings --- microstructure --- wear --- salt freezing --- erosion --- freeze thaw cycle --- concrete --- durability --- numerical simulation --- high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel --- friction coefficient --- high temperature --- loess calcareous nodules --- heavy-metal ions --- single adsorption --- adsorption rate --- grey quality gain-loss --- engineering specifications --- process capability --- crystallization and clogging in pipe --- flow velocity --- pipe diameter --- pipe material --- friction stir welding --- aluminum and steel dissimilar metals butt --- high rotational speed --- ultra-high rotational speed --- intermetallic compound --- magnesium alloy --- composite coating --- structural characterization --- mechanical properties --- bioactivity --- antibacterial activity --- biocompatibility --- Feixianguan Formation --- underdetermined system --- curve reconstruction --- circulating neural network --- old well review --- weathered sand --- freeze–thaw cycles --- damage law --- microscopic characteristics --- deterioration mechanism --- flange shaft --- fatigue failure --- fracture mechanics --- stress intensity factor --- crack propagation --- bridge structure --- mode --- frequency --- displacement curve --- Z3CN20.09M --- corrosion fatigue --- fatigue life --- high temperature water --- SnO2-Sb2Ox --- sol-enhanced electrodeposition --- organic degradation --- micro-arc oxidation (MAO) --- SiO2 nanoparticles --- corrosion resistance --- wear property --- magnesium–lithium alloy --- localized corrosion --- corrosion product film --- annular channel angular extrusion --- predeformation --- 2A12 aluminum alloy --- heat treatment --- uniform mechanical properties --- Q345 steel --- hot-dipping aluminum-silicon --- annealing --- FeAl phase --- Al2O3 --- dissimilar metal cladding --- pressure vessel pipe–nozzle --- micro-hardness --- sweet cherry --- edible coating --- quality --- antioxidant enzymatic activities --- stainless steel --- titanium --- crevice corrosion --- multiphysics --- ring narrow groove --- mask electrochemical machining --- numerical simulation of the multiple physical fields --- diffusion barrier --- Cu interconnect --- self-formed --- Cu(Re) alloy --- subgrade engineering --- coarse-grained soil --- step cyclic loading --- dynamic triaxial test --- hysteresis curve --- n/a --- freeze-thaw cycles --- magnesium-lithium alloy --- pressure vessel pipe-nozzle

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Processing and storage can cause changes and interactions in food components that have effects on nutritional value, organoleptic characteristics or even food safety. This book includes 19 research works showing important and interesting advances, as well as new approaches, in this research topic. Four articles are dedicated to studying the effect of canning conditions (filling media and some ingredients) on the diverse parameters of quality for fish and pet foods. Three articles are devoted to studying the effects of dehydration (pre-treatments and drying procedures). One article is dedicated to monitoring the elaboration of a fermented and dehydrated product (sausage) using a portable NIRS device. The ninth article of this book studies the effect of low-dose electron beam irradiation on cooking quality, moisture migration, and thermodynamics, as well as the digestion properties of the isolated starches in newly harvested and dried rice. The next contribution studies the use of different preservatives to avoid the formation of undesirable volatile organic compounds in stracciatella cheese. Another article examines the impact of source material, kibble size, temperature, and duration on the efficiency of the aqueous extraction of sugars and phenolics from carob kibbles by conventional heat-assisted (HAE) and ultrasound-assisted (UAE) methods. In two articles, marinating with different extracts, alone or combined with other seasoning/conditioning methods, was essayed to tenderize beef or to improve the sensory quality of chicken leg and breast meat. The effect of various cooking methods on the quality, structure, pasting, water distribution and protein oxidation of fish and meat-based snacks is studied in the fourteenth article. The last five articles are dedicated to the study of the effects of storage on several foods (olive oil, blueberry, beetroot and Atlantic mackerel).

Electron Beam Irradiation --- rice --- moisture --- physicochemical properties --- rabbiteye blueberry --- postharvest storage --- firmness --- aroma compounds --- off-odor --- dry-fermented sausages --- near infrared spectroscopy --- portable device --- PLS-DA --- Scomber colias --- prior chilling --- Fucus spiralis --- packaging medium --- canning --- lipid damage --- colour --- trimethylamine --- quality --- carob kibbles --- carob juice --- aqueous extraction --- sugars --- phenolics --- free amino acids --- biogenic amines --- filling medium --- European eels --- stracciatella cheese --- volatile organic compounds --- sensory characteristics --- natural preservatives --- cheese storage --- pineapple by-products --- hydrostatic pressure --- bromelain --- enzyme activity --- marinade --- meat --- texture --- water status and distribution --- microstructure --- secondary structure of protein --- Atlantic mackerel --- saffron quality --- secondary metabolites --- drying --- high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) --- spectrophotometry --- canned eels --- olive oil --- sunflower oil --- oxidation --- antioxidants --- total phenols --- vitamin E --- fresh wet noodles --- humidity-controlled dehydration --- microorganisms --- shelf-life --- noodle quality --- “Rocha” pear --- ultrasound --- microwave --- quality characteristics --- empirical models --- beetroot --- organic farming --- storage --- bioactive compounds --- betalain --- nitrate --- sugar --- phenolic compounds --- total dry matter --- chicken meat --- sensory evaluation --- superheated steam --- marination --- hot smoking --- storage effect --- extra virgin olive oil --- phenols --- sterols --- tocopherols --- temperature --- argon --- freeze-thaw cycles --- anthocyanins --- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry --- aroma profiles --- hot-air drying --- blueberry --- cooking methods --- fish meat snacks --- LF-NMR --- SEM --- protein oxidation --- expressible moisture --- gel --- gum --- heat penetration --- thermally processed --- wet pet food --- n/a --- "Rocha" pear

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This book was proposed and organized as a means to present recent developments in the field of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering. For this reason, the articles highlighted in this editorial relate to different aspects of testing of different materials and elements in civil engineering, from building materials to building structures. The current trend in the development of testing of materials and elements in civil engineering is mainly concerned with the detection of flaws and defects in concrete elements and structures, and acoustic methods predominate in this field. As in medicine, the trend is towards designing test equipment that allows one to obtain a picture of the inside of the tested element and materials. Interesting results with significance for building practices were obtained.

Technology. --- rock bolt --- grouting quality --- dynamic response --- natural frequency --- finite element method --- monitoring --- historical masonry wall --- hygrothermal processes --- internal insulation --- testing of building materials --- test uncertainty --- validation of test methods --- sustainable test methods --- recycling --- foamed asphalt mixtures with cement (FAC) --- base layer --- reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) --- fatigue durability --- GFRP --- FRP reinforcement --- shear --- capacity --- reinforced concrete beams --- column --- stiffness --- FRCM --- PBO mesh --- PBO–FRCM --- carpentry joints --- scarf and splice joints --- stop-splayed scarf joints (‘bolt of lightning’) --- static behaviour --- experimental research --- concrete --- non-destructive testing --- ultrasounds --- ultrasonic tomography --- acoustic methods --- defects --- diagnostic --- detection --- convolutional neural networks --- transfer learning --- monitoring FBG --- power transmission tower --- civil engineering --- X-ray microtomography --- microstructure characteristics --- infiltration damage --- high-strength concrete --- steel fibres --- flexural tensile strength --- fracture energy --- numerical analysis --- concrete floors --- compressive strength --- strength distribution --- industrial floors --- ultrasound tests --- ventilated facades --- large-scale facade model --- fire safety --- fiber cement board --- large-slab ceramic tile --- plasterboards --- moisture content --- hydration processes --- mechanical properties --- ultrasound measurements --- ESD resin --- expansion joint --- quasi-plastic material --- energy absorption --- asphalt mix --- compaction index --- volumetric parameters --- stiffness modulus --- moisture resistance --- roughness --- texture --- close-range photogrammetry --- bond strength --- random field generation --- semivariograms --- hybrid truss bridge --- steel–concrete connection joint --- mechanical behavior --- failure mode --- strain --- static test --- static elastic modulus --- dynamic elastic modulus --- machine learning --- P-wave --- S-wave --- resonance frequency test --- nondestructive method --- Al–Ti laminate --- fracture --- acoustic emission diagnostic --- pattern recognition --- clustering AE signal --- storage systems --- tab connector --- flexural test --- capable design moment --- restrained ring test --- autogenous shrinkage cracking --- concrete cracking test --- concrete shrinkage cracking test --- restrined ring calibration --- cement–fiber boards --- acoustic emission method --- k-means algorithm --- wavelet analysis --- fiber composites --- ground penetrating radar (GPR) --- HMA dielectric constant --- road pavement thickness estimation --- early age concrete --- damage processes detection before loading --- strength of structures --- aggregate --- classification --- wire mesh --- roundness --- tilting angle --- opening size --- concrete centrifugation --- morphology --- image processing --- porosity --- cement --- waste paper sludge ash (WPSA) --- controlled low-strength material (CLSM) --- unconfined compressive strength --- bearing capacity --- backfill material --- P-wave velocity --- amplitude attenuation --- resistivity --- CT scan --- sandstone --- damage variable --- nuclear magnetic resonance --- spin-lattice relaxometry --- proton --- hydration kinetics --- superplasticizer --- ready-mixed concrete --- construction material --- quality assessment --- conformity criteria --- statistical-fuzzy method --- FRTP --- rivet --- connection --- polyethylene pipe --- mechanical properties of polyethylene --- resistance strain --- computer simulation --- residual shear stress --- particle crushing --- ring shear test --- particle flow code (PFC2D) --- frictional work --- fibre-reinforced concrete --- recycled steel fibres --- micro-computed tomography --- scanning electron microscopy --- tensile strength --- reinforced concrete --- diagnostic testing --- corrosion --- carbonation --- galvanostatic pulse method --- phase composition analysis --- X-ray analysis --- thermal analysis --- quasi-brittle cement composites --- low-module polypropylene fibres --- elastic range --- digital image correlation --- Arcan shear test --- wood --- orthotropic shear modulus --- elastic-plastic material --- shear wave velocity --- sand --- bender elements test --- grain-size characteristics --- complex modulus --- shrinkage analysis --- reclaimed asphalt --- mineral–cement emulsion mixtures --- cement dusty by-products (UCPPs) --- degradation of glass panels --- effective area ratio --- relative mass loss --- visible light transmittance --- windblown sand --- wood-plastic composites --- methods of testing resistance to fungi --- methods of assessment --- ground-penetrating radar (GPR) --- non-destructive techniques (NDT) --- corrosion of reinforcement --- slip resistance --- granite floor --- slip resistance value --- ramp test --- acceptance angle --- sliding friction coefficient --- comparability of test methods --- wall temperature --- fibre bragg grating sensors --- freeze-thaw cycles --- signal analysis --- short-time Fourier transform --- fast Fourier transform --- brine --- sodium chloride --- X-ray --- partition walls --- brick walls --- bending strength --- cracking --- post-tension --- cable --- girder --- destructive test --- non-destructive test --- structural health monitoring --- safety --- monitoring fibre Bragg grating --- mining areas --- strain/stress distribution --- geopolymer concrete --- fly-ash --- bottom-ash --- neural network --- sustainability --- industrial waste management --- flexural strength --- cladding --- AE acoustic emission --- micro-events --- sound spectrum --- traditional and quasi-brittle cement composites --- residual-state creep --- saturation front --- landslides --- erosional stability --- laboratory testing --- grout mixtures --- groundwater --- test apparatus --- testing --- building materials --- elements