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Electromembrane processes offer a multitude of applications, allowing for the recovery of water, other products, and energy. This book is a collection of contributions on recent advancements in electromembrane processes attained via experiments and/or models. The first paper is a comprehensive review article on the applications of electrodialysis for wastewater treatment, highlighting current status, technical challenges, and key points for future perspectives. The second paper focuses on ZSM-5 zeolite/PVA mixed matrix CEMs with high monovalent permselectivity for recovering either acid or Li+. The third paper regards direct numerical simulations of electroconvection in an electrodialysis dilute channel with forced flow under potentiodynamic and galvanodynamic regimes. The fourth paper investigates the reasons for the formation and properties of soliton-like charge waves in overlimiting conditions. The fifth paper focuses on the characterization of AEMs functionalized by surface modification via poly(acrylic) acid yielding monovalent permselectivity for reverse electrodialysis. In the sixth paper, CFD simulations of reverse electrodialysis systems are performed. The seventh paper proposes an integrated membrane process, including electrochemical intercalation–deintercalation, for the preparation of Li2CO3 from brine with a high Mg2+/Li+ mass ratio. Finally, the eighth paper is a perspective article devoted to the acid–base flow battery with monopolar and bipolar membranes.

ion-exchange membrane --- electrodialysis --- current-voltage curve --- electroconvection --- potentiodynamic regime --- galvanodynamic regime --- numerical simulation --- ZSM-5 zeolite --- monovalent cation separation --- mixed matrix membrane --- anion exchange membranes --- poly(acrylic) acid modification --- monovalent permselective membranes --- antifouling strategies --- reverse electrodialysis --- electro-membrane process --- electrodialysis reversal --- bipolar membrane electrodialysis --- selectrodialysis --- electrodialysis metathesis --- electrodeionisation --- monovalent selective membranes --- water reuse --- brine valorisation --- mathematical modelling --- using overlimiting current modes --- membrane systems --- cation-exchange membrane --- effect of the breakdown of the space charge --- computational fluid dynamics --- power density --- factorial design --- membrane process --- Li2CO3 --- electrochemical intercalation deintercalation --- high Mg/Li brine --- flow battery --- energy storage --- bipolar membrane --- water dissociation --- n/a

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New trends in the cereal industry deal with the persistent need to develop new food goods tailored to consumer requirements and, in the near future, to the scarcity of food resources. Concepts of sustainable food production and food products as health and wellness promoters, the use of organic ingredients such as new ancient cereals to produce redesigned old staple foods, or the use of byproducts in designed food or feed formulations, in accordance with the bioeconomy and sustainability principles, are current topics that act as driving forces for innovation. The structure of cereal-based food products, especially in the case of gluten- or wheat-free foods, has proven to be a determinant for food appeal and strongly impacts consumer acceptance. It is well known that products with the same chemical composition can present very different structures, resulting in differently perceived texture and sensory properties and, therefore, rheology is an important tool for the food cereal industries. These are topics that act as driving forces for innovation and will be discussed in the present Special Issue.

legumes enrichment --- galactosides --- phytate --- protease inhibitors --- phenols --- tomato seed flour --- wheat flour --- dough rheology --- microstructure --- gluten-free bread --- yogurt --- rheology --- gluten-free --- rice bread --- tamarind gum --- factorial design --- optimization --- formula --- processing factor --- ball milling --- hydrocolloids --- starch–flour system --- X-ray diffraction --- pasting profile --- viscoelastic properties --- acorn flour --- gluten-free dough --- fibre-rich ingredient --- underexploited resources --- pasting properties --- microalga Tetraselmis chuii --- texture --- colour --- antioxidants --- phenolics --- dynamic oscillatory shear test --- non-isothermal kinetic modeling --- gluten-free cupcake --- red kidney bean --- gluten-free products --- dynamic oscillatory shear measurements

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This is a book on the practical approaches of reliability to electrotechnical devices and systems. It includes the electromagnetic effect, radiation effect, environmental effect, and the impact of the manufacturing process on electronic materials, devices, and boards.

3D-IC (three-dimensional integrated circuit) --- electromagnetic interference --- near field measurement --- SAC305 --- BGA --- low temperature --- fracture failure --- factorial design of experiment --- genetic algorithm optimization --- return loss --- multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) --- single event effects --- linear energy transfer --- Monte Carlo simulation --- radiation hardness --- pressureless sintered micron silver joints --- deep space environment --- extreme thermal shocks --- reconstruction --- simulation --- elastic mechanical properties --- state of health --- remaining useful life --- electrochemistry based electrical model --- semi-empirical capacity fading model --- useful life distribution --- quality and reliability assurance --- single event effect --- microdosimetry --- lineal energy --- deconvolution --- gamma process --- lifetime --- measurement system analysis --- reliability estimation --- GaN --- operational amplifier --- proton therapy --- prompt gamma imaging --- 3D X-ray --- bias temperature-humidity reliability test --- conductive anodic filament (CAF) --- de-penalization --- finite element analysis --- n/a

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Based on 19 high-quality articles, this Special Issue presents methods for further improving the currently achievable recycling rate, product quality in terms of focused elements, and approaches for the enhanced mobilization of lithium, graphite, and electrolyte components. In particular, the target of early-stage Li removal is a central point of various research approaches in the world, which has been reported, for example, under the names early-stage lithium recovery (ESLR process) with or without gaseous CO2 and supercritical CO2 leaching (COOL process). Furthermore, many more approaches are present in this Special Issue, ranging from robotic disassembly and the dismantling of Li‐ion batteries, or the optimization of various pyro‐ and hydrometallurgical as well as combined battery recycling processes for the treatment of conventional Li‐ion batteries, all the way to an evaluation of the recycling on an industrial level. In addition to the consideration of Li distribution in compounds of a Li2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-CaO system, Li recovery from battery slags is also discussed. The development of suitable recycling strategies of six new battery systems, such as all-solid-state batteries, but also lithium–sulfur batteries, is also taken into account here. Some of the articles also discuss the fact that battery recycling processes do not have to produce end products such as high-purity battery materials, but that the aim should be to find an “entry point” into existing, proven large-scale industrial processes. Participants in this Special Issue originate from 18 research institutions from eight countries.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Mining technology & engineering --- lead-acid battery recycling --- pyrite cinder treatment --- lead bullion --- sulfide matte --- SO2 emissions --- pilot plant --- environmental technologies --- waste treatment --- recycling --- spent lithium-ion batteries --- recycling chain --- process stages --- unit processes --- industrial recycling technologies --- mechanical treatment --- slag cleaning --- cobalt --- nickel --- manganese --- lithium-ion battery --- circular economy --- batteries --- reuse --- disassembly --- safety --- lithium minerals --- lithium slag characterization --- thermochemical modeling --- critical raw materials --- smelting --- lithium --- graphite --- mechanical processing --- pyrometallurgy --- thermal treatment --- pyrolysis --- hydrometallurgy --- precipitation --- oxalic acid --- mixed oxalate --- battery recycling --- lithium–sulfur batteries --- metallurgical recycling --- metal recovery --- recycling efficiency --- lithium-ion batteries --- all-solid-state batteries --- slag --- leaching --- dry digestion --- fractionation --- tubular centrifuge --- rotational speed control --- particle size analysis --- lithium iron phosphate --- LFP --- carbon black --- direct battery recycling --- recovery --- thermodynamic modeling --- engineered artificial minerals (EnAM) --- melt experiments --- PXRD --- EPMA --- manganese recovery --- solvent extraction --- D2EHPA --- factorial design of experiments --- lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) --- lithium removal --- phosphorous removal --- recovery of valuable metals --- carbonation --- lithium phase transformation --- autoclave --- supercritical CO2 --- X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) --- powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) --- electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) --- lithium recycling --- lithium batteries --- black mass --- LIB --- mechanical recycling processes --- battery generation --- solid state batteries --- robotic disassembly --- electric vehicle battery --- task planner --- n/a --- lithium-sulfur batteries

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Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is one of the most successful polymers used for producing therapeutic devices, such as drug carriers (DC). PLGA is one of the few polymers that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved for human administration due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. In recent years, DC produced with PLGA has gained enormous attention for its versatility in transporting different type of drugs, e.g., hydrophilic or hydrophobic small molecules, or macromolecules with a controlled drug release without modifying the physiochemical properties of the drugs. These drug delivery systems have the possibility/potential to modify their surface properties with functional groups, peptides, or other coatings to improve the interactions with biological materials. Furthermore, they present the possibility to be conjugated with specific target molecules to reach specific tissues or cells. They are also used for different therapeutic applications, such as in vaccinations, cancer treatment, neurological disorder treatment, and as anti-inflammatory agents. This book aims to focus on the recent progress of PLGA as a drug carrier and their new pharmaceutical applications.

PLGA --- nanoscaled drug delivery --- LED --- cancer --- serum stability --- reactive oxygen species --- cellular uptake --- terahertz spectroscopy --- microspheres --- drug delivery --- formulation development --- molecular mobility --- vitamin E --- tocopherol --- PLA --- core-shell nanoparticles --- controlled drug release --- BMP-2 --- PLGA nanoparticles --- Pluronic F68 --- oxaliplatin --- hydrogel --- intra-abdominal anti-adhesion barrier --- colorectal cancer --- experimental design --- fractional factorial design --- O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) protein --- glioblastoma multiforme --- smart nanocarriers --- folic acid --- verteporfin --- cisplatin --- SKOV-3 cells --- CHO-K1 cells --- electroporation --- theranostic cargo --- double emulsion approach --- NSAIDs --- polymeric film --- topical drug delivery --- trolamine salicylate --- triamcinolone acetonide --- microcrystal --- PLGA microsphere --- local delivery --- spray-drying technique --- intra-articular injection --- joint retention --- systemic exposure --- gadolinium --- drug release --- polymeric nanocarrier --- sorafenib --- theranostic nanoparticles --- PLGA-PEG --- nanoparticles --- platelet --- activation --- aggregation --- binding --- uptake --- tissue engineering --- Huntington’s disease --- siRNA --- microcarriers --- mesenchymal stromal cells --- drug delivery systems --- microfluidics --- microparticles --- BMP-2-microspheres --- hydrogel system --- 17-βestradiol release --- bone regeneration --- osteoporosis --- poly-lactide-co-glycolide --- polylactic acid --- alginate --- ophthalmic drug delivery --- dexamethasone --- PLGA-NPs --- nanomedicine --- gastrointestinal tract --- paclitaxel --- in vivo imaging --- controlled release --- risperidone --- microcapsules --- oleogels --- electron microscopy --- three-dimensional X-ray imaging --- nano-CT --- biodegradable polymers --- hydroxy-stearic acid --- PLGA nanocapsules --- magnetic resonance imaging --- photoluminescence --- magnetic targeting --- multimodal imaging --- theranostics --- silicon --- microsphere --- n/a --- Huntington's disease