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Identifying hawks in flight is a tricky business. Across North America, tens of thousands of people gather every spring and fall at more than one thousand known hawk migration sites--from New Jersey's Cape May to California's Golden Gate. Yet, as many discover, a standard field guide, with its emphasis on plumage, is often of little help in identifying those raptors soaring, gliding, or flapping far, far away. Hawks from Every Angle takes hawk identification to new heights. It offers a fresh approach that literally looks at the birds from every angle, compares and contrasts deceptively similar species, and provides the pictures (and words) needed for identification in the field. Jerry Liguori pinpoints innovative, field-tested identification traits for each species from the various angles that they are seen. Featuring 339 striking color photos on 68 color plates and 32 black & white photos, Hawks from Every Angle is unique in presenting a host of meticulously crafted pictures for each of the 19 species it covers in detail--the species most common to migration sites throughout the United States and Canada. All aspects of raptor identification are discussed, including plumage, shape, and flight style traits. For all birders who follow hawk migration and have found themselves wondering if the raptor in the sky matches the one in the guide, Hawks from Every Angle--distilling an expert's years of experience for the first time into a comprehensive array of truly useful photos and other pointers for each species--is quite simply a must. Key Features? The essential new approach to identifying hawks in flight Innovative, accurate, and field-tested identification traits for each species 339 color photos on 68 color plates, 32 black & white photos Compares and contrasts species easily confused with one another, and provides the pictures (and words) needed for identification in the field Covers in detail 19 species common to migration sites throughout the North America Discusses light conditions, how molt can alter the shape of a bird, aberrant plumages, and migration seasons and sites User-friendly format

Falconiformes --- Accipitres --- Accipitriformes --- Diurnal birds of prey --- Birds --- Flight

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Biology --- Circadian rhythms --- Rythmes circadiens --- Periodicals. --- Périodiques --- Circadian Rhythm. --- Circadian rhythms. --- Behavior, Circadian --- Biological clocks, Daily --- Circadian behavior --- Circadian clocks --- Circadian cycles --- Clocks, Circadian --- Cycles, Circadian --- Daily activity cycles --- Daily biological clocks --- Diel cycles --- Diurnal rhythms --- Rhythms, Circadian --- Nycthemeral Rhythm --- Diurnal Rhythm --- Nyctohemeral Rhythm --- Twenty-Four Hour Rhythm --- Circadian Rhythms --- Diurnal Rhythms --- Nycthemeral Rhythms --- Nyctohemeral Rhythms --- Rhythm, Circadian --- Rhythm, Diurnal --- Rhythm, Nycthemeral --- Rhythm, Nyctohemeral --- Rhythm, Twenty-Four Hour --- Rhythms, Diurnal --- Rhythms, Nycthemeral --- Rhythms, Nyctohemeral --- Rhythms, Twenty-Four Hour --- Twenty Four Hour Rhythm --- Twenty-Four Hour Rhythms --- circadian rhythm --- biological clock --- chronobiology --- biological timing --- molecular clock --- photoperiodism --- Biological rhythms --- Biological Clocks --- Photoperiod --- Chronotherapy --- Circadian Clocks --- Circadian Rhythms. --- Biophysics

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Circadian rhythms. --- Behavior, Circadian --- Biological clocks, Daily --- Circadian behavior --- Circadian clocks --- Circadian cycles --- Clocks, Circadian --- Cycles, Circadian --- Daily activity cycles --- Daily biological clocks --- Diel cycles --- Diurnal rhythms --- Rhythms, Circadian --- Biological rhythms

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Circadian rhythms are biological processes displaying endogenous and entrainable oscillations of about 24 hours. They are driven by a group of genes called clock genes that have been widely observed in plants, animals and even in bacteria. In mammals, the core clock genes are rhythmically expressed in both the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master clock residing in the hypothalamus, and almost all peripheral tissues where they control numerous target genes in a circadian manner, and thus affect many physiological and biochemical processes. Evidence suggests that disruption of the circadian rhythms (or desynchronization) is a significant risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and sleep disorders. Evidence also suggests that the disruption suppresses immune function and increases vulnerability to infectious diseases. Restoring or strengthening the circadian rhythm may be therapeutic for these conditions. This becomes exceptionally important in modern societies because many people are suffering from frequent desynchronization due to shift working, exposure to artificial light, travel by transmeridian air flight, and involvement in social activities. Besides, the temporal variations in the incidence and severity of many diseases, such as the onset of cardiovascular events, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), inflammatory diseases and mental disorders have also drawn increasing attention to the circadian clock. The circadian rhythms affect not only the health status, but also the drug efficiency. The effects (and side effects) of many drugs vary with biological timing. The tolerance of many medications displays circadian variation as well. The timing of medical treatment in coordination with the body clock may significantly increase the desired effects of drugs, and lower the dose and toxicity. In addition, circadian rhythms can also be modulated by some therapeutic drugs, for example, melatonin and modafinil, which are used to treat circadian rhythm sleep disorders. In this Research Topic, we assemble a series of critical review and research articles that focus on the therapeutic implications of circadian rhythms.

Circadian rhythms --- Health aspects. --- Effect of chemicals on --- Therapeutic use. --- Behavior, Circadian --- Biological clocks, Daily --- Circadian behavior --- Circadian clocks --- Circadian cycles --- Clocks, Circadian --- Cycles, Circadian --- Daily activity cycles --- Daily biological clocks --- Diel cycles --- Diurnal rhythms --- Rhythms, Circadian --- Biological rhythms --- Chemicals --- Physiological effect --- Cardiovascular Diseases --- Central Nervous System --- Therapeutic implications --- Circadian Clocks --- Clinical relevance --- Circadian Rhythm --- Metabolism --- circadian disruption --- Effect of chemicals on.

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The present book discusses three significant challenges of the built environment, namely regional and global climate change, vulnerability, and survivability under the changing climate. Synergies between local climate change, energy consumption of buildings and energy poverty, and health risks highlight the necessity to develop mitigation strategies to counterbalance overheating impacts. The studies presented here assess the underlying issues related to urban overheating. Further, the impacts of temperature extremes on the low-income population and increased morbidity and mortality have been discussed. The increasing intensity, duration, and frequency of heatwaves due to human-caused climate change is shown to affect underserved populations. Thus, housing policies on resident exposure to intra-urban heat have been assessed. Finally, opportunities to mitigate urban overheating have been proposed and discussed.

Mediterranean --- semi-arid --- drought --- standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) --- climate warming --- soil moisture --- urban heat islands --- environmental justice --- climate change --- redlining --- heatwave --- diurnal temperature range --- time-series --- relative risk --- health --- transpiration cooling --- coastal cities --- sap flow --- subtropical desert climate --- urban overheating --- cluster analysis --- air temperature --- wind speed and wind directions --- synoptic conditions --- urban heat island --- mitigation --- resilience --- survivability --- low-income population