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Nuclear fusion research is entering a new phase, in which power exhaust will play a vital role. This book presents a complete and up-to-date summary of this emerging field of research in fusion plasmas, focusing on the leading tokamak concept. Emphasis is placed on rigorous theoretical development, supplemented by numerical simulations, which are used to explain and quantify a range of experimental observations. The text offers a self-contained introduction to power exhaust, and deals in detail with both edge plasma turbulence and edge localized modes, providing the necessary background to understand these important, yet complicated phenomena. Combining an in-depth overview with an instructive development of concepts, this is an invaluable resource for academic researchers and graduate students in plasma physics.
Plasma confinement. --- Tokamaks. --- Tokamak devices --- Fusion reactors --- Plasma confinement devices --- Confined plasma --- Confinement of plasma --- Plasma, Confined --- Plasma containment --- Plasma control --- Plasma isolation --- Containerless processing --- Controlled fusion --- High temperature plasmas --- Pinch effect (Physics) --- lemac
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Spheromaks are easily formed, self-organized magnetized plasma configurations that have intrigued plasma physicists for over two decades. Sometimes called magnetic vortices, magnetic smoke rings, or plasmoids, spheromaks first attracted attention as a possible controlled thermonuclear plasma confinement scheme, but are now known to have many other applications.This book begins with a review of the basic concepts of magnetohydrodynamics and toroidal magnetic configurations, then provides a detailed exposition of the 3D topological concepts underlying spheromak physics, namely magnetic helicity,
Plasma confinement. --- Magnetohydrodynamics. --- Magnetic reconnection. --- Annihilation, Magnetic field --- Magnetic field annihilation --- Magnetic field line merging --- Merging, Magnetic field line --- Reconnection, Magnetic --- Reconnection (Astronomy) --- Astrophysics --- Geophysics --- Magnetic fields --- Magneto-hydrodynamics --- MHD (Physics) --- Fluid dynamics --- Plasma dynamics --- Confined plasma --- Confinement of plasma --- Plasma, Confined --- Plasma containment --- Plasma control --- Plasma isolation --- Containerless processing --- Controlled fusion --- High temperature plasmas --- Pinch effect (Physics) --- Plasma confinement --- Magnetohydrodynamics --- Magnetic reconnection
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"The world’s population is facing a water crisis, which is expected to worsen dramatically during the 21st century. Problems due to over-exploitation of groundwater, as well as from natural and anthropogenic contamination are major challenges facing humanity. This Special Issue on “Groundwater Quantity and Quality” contains a broad selection of eleven articles addressing many different aspects of groundwater quantity and quality, along with an introductory editorial. The research articles and case studies cover many different geographic regions and include examples from both developed and developing nations. The research articles are strong contributions that were selected after a rigorous peer-review process in which not all articles were accepted." --Preface.
Groundwater --- Water quality management. --- Management --- Pollution. --- Endocrine disrupting compounds in aquifers --- Pathogens in aquifer systems (confined or unconfined) --- The current state of arsenic contamination in Bangladesh --- Managing saltwater intrusion along marine coastlines --- Water quality impacts from hydrofracturing (fracking) --- Managing water resources in the High Plains Aquifer (Central US) --- Governing transboundary groundwater --- Managing groundwater to promote environmental flows --- Managing groundwater during drought
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This book provides an introduction and guide to modern advances in charged particle (and antiparticle) confinement by electromagnetic fields. Confinement in different trap geometries, the influence of trap imperfections, classical and quantum mechanical description of the trapped particle motion, different methods of ion cooling to low temperatures, and non-neutral plasma properties (including Coulomb crystals) are the main subjects. They form the basis of such applications of charged particle traps as high-resolution optical and microwave spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, atomic clocks, and, potentially, quantum computing.
Plasma confinement. --- Electromagnetic fields. --- Trapped ions. --- Laser cooling. --- Cooling --- Ion trapping --- Ionic trapping --- Trapping of ions --- Ionic mobility --- Ions --- Fields, Electromagnetic --- Magnetic fields --- Electric fields --- Confined plasma --- Confinement of plasma --- Plasma, Confined --- Plasma containment --- Plasma control --- Plasma isolation --- Containerless processing --- Controlled fusion --- High temperature plasmas --- Pinch effect (Physics) --- Mechanics. --- Classical Mechanics. --- Nuclear Energy. --- Particle and Nuclear Physics. --- Atoms and Molecules in Strong Fields, Laser Matter Interaction. --- Plasma Physics. --- Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics. --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Nuclear energy. --- Nuclear physics. --- Atoms. --- Physics. --- Plasma (Ionized gases). --- Gaseous discharge --- Gaseous plasma --- Magnetoplasma --- Ionized gases --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Atomic energy --- Atomic power --- Energy, Atomic --- Energy, Nuclear --- Nuclear power --- Power, Atomic --- Power, Nuclear --- Force and energy --- Nuclear physics --- Power resources --- Nuclear engineering --- Nuclear facilities --- Nuclear power plants --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Matter --- Stereochemistry --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Constitution
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This, the second volume of Charged Particle Traps, is devoted to applications, complementing the first volume’s comprehensive treatment of the theory and practice of charged particle traps, their many variants and refinements. In recent years, applications of far reaching importance have emerged ranging from the ultra-precise mass determinations of elementary particles and their antiparticles and short-lived isotopes, to high-resolution Zeeman spectroscopy on multiply-charged ions, to microwave and optical spectroscopy, some involving "forbidden" transitions from metastable states of such high resolution that optical frequency standards are realized by locking lasers to them. Further the potential application of trapped ions to quantum computing is explored, based on the extraordinary quantum state coherence made possible by the particle isolation. Consideration is given to the Paul and Penning traps as potential quantum information processors.
Electromagnetic fields. --- Plasma confinement. --- Trapped ions. --- Plasma confinement --- Electromagnetic fields --- Trapped ions --- Electricity & Magnetism --- Atomic Physics --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Confined plasma --- Confinement of plasma --- Plasma, Confined --- Plasma containment --- Plasma control --- Plasma isolation --- Ion trapping --- Ionic trapping --- Trapping of ions --- Physics. --- Atoms. --- Matter. --- Plasma (Ionized gases). --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement. --- Nuclear engineering. --- Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics. --- Nuclear Engineering. --- Atoms and Molecules in Strong Fields, Laser Matter Interaction. --- Plasma Physics. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Containerless processing --- Controlled fusion --- High temperature plasmas --- Pinch effect (Physics) --- Ionic mobility --- Ions --- Nuclear Energy. --- Nuclear energy. --- Measurement . --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Matter --- Stereochemistry --- Gaseous discharge --- Gaseous plasma --- Magnetoplasma --- Ionized gases --- Atomic energy --- Atomic power --- Energy, Atomic --- Energy, Nuclear --- Nuclear power --- Power, Atomic --- Power, Nuclear --- Force and energy --- Nuclear physics --- Power resources --- Nuclear engineering --- Nuclear facilities --- Nuclear power plants --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Constitution
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"When journalist Josh Wittmore moves from the Illinois bureau of Farm Country News to the newspaper's national office in Wisconsin, he encounters the biggest story of his young career--just as the paper's finances may lead to its closure. Josh's big story is that a corporation that plans to establish an enormous hog farm has bought a lot of land along the Tamarack River in bucolic Ames County. Some of the local residents and officials are excited about the jobs and tax revenues that the big farm will bring, while others worry about truck traffic, porcine aromas, and manure runoff polluting the river. And how would the arrival of a large agribusiness affect life and traditions in this tightly knit rural community of family farmers? Josh strives to provide impartial agricultural reporting, even as his newspaper is replaced by a new Internet-only version owned by a former New York investment banker. And it seems that there may be another force in play: the vengeful ghost of a drowned logger who locals say haunts the valley of the Tamarack River."--Publisher's description.
Reporters and reporting --- Farm life --- Factory farms --- Swine --- Newspaper reporting --- Journalism --- Newspapers --- Rural life --- Country life --- Animal factories --- CAFOs (Farms) --- Concentrated animal feeding operations --- Confined animal feeding operations --- Factory farming --- Factory-sized livestock farms --- Farm factories --- Industrial livestock farms --- Livestock factories --- Mega-livestock farms --- Animal industry --- Livestock farms --- Meat industry and trade --- Domestic pig --- Hogs --- Pig --- Pig farming --- Pigs --- Sus domestica --- Sus domesticus --- Sus scrofa domestica --- Sus scrofa domesticus --- Livestock --- Sus
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Particle physics is a science about the symmetries of our world. The Standard Model is the fundamental theory of microworld. Particle dynamics in the Standard Model obeys strict symmetry laws with explicit experimental consequences. Priority problems of particle physics based on the Standard Model are more accurate theoretical predictions, experimental measurements and data analysis, proof of existence or non-existence of supersymmetry, top quark properties, Higgs boson, exotic quark states, and physics of neutrinos. In this collection of articles, many of these problems are discussed. We recommend this book for students, graduate students, and scientists working in the field of high energy physics.
exotic states --- confined covariant quark model --- strong and radiative decays --- strong interaction --- high energy --- multiparticle production --- multiplicity --- transverse momentum --- forward-backward correlations --- long-range rapidity correlations --- translation invariance in rapidity --- quark-gluon strings --- string fusion --- high energy physics --- electron–positron annihilation --- forward–backward asymmetry --- left–right asymmetry --- top quark --- pair production --- charge asymmetry --- neutrino oscillations in matter --- rephasing invariant --- neutrino absorption --- quasi-Dirac --- neutrino oscillation --- Majorana neutrino mass --- neutrinoless double beta decay --- gravity --- relocalization --- topology --- boundary --- poles
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This book is a special collection of articles dedicated to the preparation and characterization of nanoporous materials, such as zeolitic-type materials, mesoporous silica (SBA-15, MCM-41, and KIT-6), mesoporous metallic oxides, metal–organic framework structures (MOFs), and pillared clays, and their applications in adsorption, catalysis, and separation processes. This book presents a global vision of researchers from international universities, research centers, and industries working with nanoporous materials and shares the latest results on the synthesis and characterization of such materials, which have given rise to the special interest in their applications in basic and industrial processes.
n/a --- porous silicon --- ?-zeolite --- 4-trimethylimidazolium --- silica pillared clays --- oligomerization --- hydrofluoric media --- KIT-6 --- glass --- adsorption --- synthesis parameters --- seeds --- MCM-41 --- swelling --- liquid-gas interaction --- confined environment --- ionic liquid --- aluminosilicate --- self-focusing --- zeolite --- 3 --- niobium oxyhydroxide catalysts --- kaolin --- pillaring --- surface properties --- lamellar zeolite --- antibiotics adsorption --- diffusion --- TPA --- ?-diimine --- STW zeolite --- ethanol dehydration --- paraffins --- mesoporous silica --- metal organic framework --- epoxidation --- zeolites --- layered zeolite --- liquid outflow --- Z-scan --- heterogenized --- cationic dye adsorption --- 2-ethyl-1 --- third-order nonlinearity --- gas amount --- surfactant --- nickel --- cyclohexene --- zeolite A --- mesopores --- IGC --- cubic structure --- two-dimensional zeolites --- delaminating --- MWW --- copper removal --- MCM-22 --- hierarchical zeolite --- reaction mechanism --- metakaolin --- liquid/nanoporous material system --- degassing pretreatment
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sidewall quenching --- LES --- premixed methane --- flame–wall interaction --- FGM --- Lewis number --- flame curvature --- iso-scalar non-material surfaces --- turbulent premixed spherical flame --- reaction waves --- turbulent reacting flows --- turbulent consumption velocity --- bending effect --- reaction surface area --- molecular transport --- direct numerical simulations --- turbulent flame --- premixed turbulent combustion --- countergradient transport --- flame surface density --- scalar dissipation rate --- modeling --- large eddy simulation --- confined --- boundary layer flashback --- turbulent combustion --- hydrogen --- autoignition modelling --- reduced chemical kinetics --- gasoline surrogates --- engine knock --- spray combustion --- evaporative cooling --- flame surface wrinkling modeling --- thickened flame --- flamelet generated manifold --- n/a --- flame-wall interaction
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This Special Issue (SI) collects fourteen articles published by leading scholars of numerical modeling in civil and mining geotechnical engineering. There is a good balance in the number of published articles, with seven in civil engineering and seven in mining engineering. The software used in the numerical modeling of these article varies from numerical codes based on continuum mechanics to those based on distinct element methods or mesh-free methods. The studied materials vary from rock, soil, and backfill to tailings. The investigations vary from mechanical behavior to hydraulic and thermal responses of infrastructures varying from pile foundations to tailings dams and underground openings. The SI thus collected a diversity of articles, reflecting the state-of-the-art of numerical modeling applied in civil and mining geotechnical engineering.
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- near-surface thick deposit --- surface subsidence --- numerical simulation --- unmanned aerial survey --- accurate model --- railway ballast fouling --- ballast degradation --- micro-mechanical parameters --- shear strength --- large diameter bored pile --- hyperparameters --- supervised machine learning --- finite element method --- parametric study --- load transfer --- failure mechanism --- geothermal heat exchangers --- permafrost --- thaw settlement --- sustainability --- embedded beam elements --- finite element --- mesh sensitivity --- soil-structure interaction --- deep foundation --- 3D modelling --- fluid fine tailings --- dewatering --- modelling --- seasonal weathering --- freeze–thaw --- evaporation --- mining backfill --- compressibility --- constitutive models --- numerical modeling --- plasticity --- critical state soil model --- modified Cam Clay model --- model normalization --- precomputation --- incompatibility --- rock --- plastic deformation --- goaf-side entry --- stability of surrounding rock --- pillar size optimization --- confined water --- paste filling mining --- filling step --- advancing distance --- floor failure --- tailings dam --- impacting force --- kinetic energy --- smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) --- 3D nonlinear yield criterion --- elastoplastic model --- circular opening --- backfill --- FLAC3D --- pore water pressure --- hydraulic conductivity --- alternative method --- numerical analyses --- unsaturated soil --- n/a --- freeze-thaw
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