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Chlamydia infections. --- Chlamydia infections --- Diagnosis.
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The chlamydiae are Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacteria with a complex developmental cycle comprising a metabolically less-active, infectious stage, the elementary body (EB), and a metabolically more active stage, the reticulate body (RB). They are responsible for many acute and chronic diseases in humans and animals. In order to play a causative role in chronic diseases, chlamydiae would need to persist and to re-activate within infected cells/tissues for extended periods of time. Persistence in vitro is defined as viable but non-cultivable chlamydiae involving morphologically enlarged, aberrant, and nondividing RBs, termed aberrant bodies (AB). In vitro, alterations of the normal developmental cycle of chlamydiae can be induced by the addition of Interferon-? (IFN-?), tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and penicillin G exposure as well as amino acid or iron deprivation, monocyte infection and co-infection with viruses. In vivo, key questions include whether or not ABs occur in infected patients and animals and whether such ABs can contribute to prolonged, chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and scarring through continuing stimulation of the host immune system known from diseases such as trachoma, pelvic inflammatory disease, reactive arthritis and atherosclerosis. To date, the direct causal role in the pathogenesis of chlamydial infection and persistence in vivo has been questioned since there was no tractable animal model of chlamydial persistence so far. A very recent study was able to establish an experimental animal model of in vivo persistence, when C. muridarum vaginally-infected mice were gavaged with amoxicillin. Amoxicillin treatment induced C. muridarum to enter the persistent state in vivo. Recent in vivo data from patients indicate that viable but non-infectious developmental stages are present in the genital tract of chronically-infected women and that the gastrointestinal tract might be a reservoir for persistent chlamydial infections at other sites.
Chlamydia infections. --- stress response --- chlamydia --- Chronic Disease
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Chlamydia infections. --- Chlamydial infections --- Gram-negative bacterial infections --- Chlamydia Infections. --- Chlamydiales --- pathogenicity.
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Nowadays, Chlamydia still represents a redoubtable pathogen. Among its consequences, the blindness in children and severe impairment of reproductive health in adults are the most mutilating. Worldwide, it is estimated that six million of people suffer from post-trachoma blindness and almost 90 million become sexually infected each year. Due to its silent evolution and sexually transmission, the chlamydial infection can occur in anyone. The book “Chlamydia - A Multifaceted Pathogen” contains an updated review of all-important issues concerning the chlamydial infection. It comprises 18 chapters grouped in four major parts dealing with etiology and pathogenicity, clinical aspects, diagnosis and prevention. The new molecular data about the pathogenicity and the exhaustive presentation of clinical findings bring novelty to the book and improve our knowledge about Chlamydia induced diseases.
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Humans, animals and microorganisms all share the same planet, the last playing critical roles in the cycling of nitrogen and sulfur in nature and the degradation of organic materials. Unfortunately, micro-organismal populations also include infectious bacteria and viruses that cause diseases, with a few that have fatal consequences. We chose veterinary bacterial zoonoses as our Research Topic with the aim of delivering up-to-date scientific knowledge on the subject, addressing the topics of detection approaches, vaccine development and host immune response. Our Research Topic alludes to the One Health approach in addressing three important bacterial diseases, Brucella, Mycobacteria and Chlamydia. A short chapter also elaborates on a highly pathogenic field isolate of Mycobacterium avium spp. Avium and an atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O98 as evolving zoonotic risks. The cover illustration is intended to raise our awareness of the fact that pets play a role in our life as passionate and compassionate friends, but that they also pose a health risk due to carrying a bacterial or a viral zoonotic agent. We hope our Research Topic will further the pursuit of these topics and spark research in other important diseases.
microRNAs --- One health --- Chlamydia --- Mycobacteria --- Brucella --- Vaccine --- Detection --- Epidemiology --- MLVA --- ELISA
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Several viruses, including herpes simplex, cytomegalovirus, and coxsackie B virus, have been implicated in heart disease. Recent work has suggested that atherosclerosis or atheroma – the disease responsible for myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral vascular and other major vascular problems – is not simply caused by dietary factors but also Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. This discovery changes the concept of cardiovascular disease, which will have a profound effect on hundreds of millions of people and is of wide interest to modern cardiovascular medicine. Atherosclerosis Lesion: Discovery, Diagnosis and Treatment presents current understanding on the specific pathological features of the C. pneumoniae arterial lesion and the unique morphological features and life cycle of C. pneumoniae in atheromatous arteries. It is important for every medical practitioner to be aware of this disease. All internal medicine physicians, intensivists, family medicine practitioners, infectious disease and immunology physicians should be aware of the impact of C. pneumoniae, the specific pathological features, and methods of diagnosing the lesion. This book presents a unique review of this important clinical issue.
Atherosclerosis. --- Chlamydia infections. --- Chlamydial infections --- Gram-negative bacterial infections --- Arteriosclerosis --- Cardiology. --- Family medicine. --- Internal medicine. --- Emerging infectious diseases. --- General Practice / Family Medicine. --- Internal Medicine. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Emerging infections --- New infectious diseases --- Re-emerging infectious diseases --- Reemerging infectious diseases --- Communicable diseases --- Medicine, Internal --- Medicine --- Family practice (Medicine) --- General practice (Medicine) --- Physicians (General practice) --- Heart --- Internal medicine --- Diseases --- General practice (Medicine). --- Infectious diseases.
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Where did SARS come from? Have we inherited genes from Neanderthals? How do plants use their internal clock? The genomic revolution in biology enables us to answer such questions. But the revolution would have been impossible without the support of powerful computational and statistical methods that enable us to exploit genomic data. Many universities are introducing courses to train the next generation of bioinformaticians: biologists fluent in mathematics and computer science, and data analysts familiar with biology. This readable and entertaining book, based on successful taught courses, provides a roadmap to navigate entry to this field. It guides the reader through key achievements of bioinformatics, using a hands-on approach. Statistical sequence analysis, sequence alignment, hidden Markov models, gene and motif finding and more, are introduced in a rigorous yet accessible way. A companion website provides the reader with Matlab-related software tools for reproducing the steps demonstrated in the book.
genoom --- computational genomics --- sars --- wijn --- chlamydia --- gentechnologie --- Génomique --- Genomics --- Computational biology --- Computational Biology --- Statistical methods --- Data processing --- methods --- Computational biology. --- methods. --- Data processing. --- Statistical methods. --- Bio-informatique --- Méthodes statistiques --- Informatique --- Methods. --- Genome research --- Genomes --- Molecular genetics --- Biology --- Bioinformatics --- Research --- Genomics - Statistical methods --- Genomics - Data processing --- Genomics - methods --- Computational Biology - methods --- COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY --- GENOMICS --- METHODS --- DATA PROCESSING --- STATISTICAL METHODS
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Le trachome, infection oculaire pouvant entraîner la cécité, touche plus de 80 millions d’individus dans le monde. Encore présent avant la Première Guerre mondiale dans les pays européens, il en a disparu grâce au développement socio-économique. Sa persistance dans les régions les plus pauvres du globe peut être considérée comme un stigmate de la pauvreté. Pourtant cette maladie, première cause de cécité d’origine infectieuse dans le monde, peut être prévenue et traitée à l’aide d’un certain nombre de mesures de santé publique. Des actions d’envergure ont ainsi été entreprises depuis une dizaine d’années au niveau mondial sous l’égide de l’Organisation mondiale de la santé, avec l’ambition d’éliminer le trachome cécitant d’ici l’an 2020. Les mesures médicales et chirurgicales mises en œuvre sont associées à des campagnes éducatives et sanitaires visant à améliorer l’hygiène et l’environnement. Cet ouvrage retrace l’histoire du trachome et offre une synthèse des connaissances actuelles. Il fait le point sur les déterminants biologiques et sociaux de cette maladie complexe, expose les différentes composantes de la stratégie de lutte et présente les données épidémiologiques les plus récentes concernant l’Afrique subsaharienne, région du monde particulièrement touchée. À la fois documenté et pédagogique, l’ouvrage dresse le bilan d’une maladie qui reste un important problème de santé publique dans les pays du Sud.
Conjunctivitis, Bacterial --- Public Health Practice --- Corneal Diseases --- Community Health Services --- Health Services --- Chlamydia Infections --- Eye Infections, Bacterial --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Conjunctivitis --- Eye Diseases --- Chlamydiaceae Infections --- Public Health --- Bacterial Infections --- Eye Infections --- Conjunctival Diseases --- Health Care --- Diseases --- Environment and Public Health --- Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections --- Bacterial Infections and Mycoses --- Infection --- Trachoma --- Preventive Health Services --- Communicable Disease Control --- Parasite Control --- Control, Communicable Disease --- Control, Parasite --- Communicable Diseases --- Infectious Disease Medicine --- Disease Eradication --- Health Services, Preventive --- Preventive Health --- Preventive Health Care --- Preventive Health Programs --- Preventive Programs --- Services, Preventive Health --- Care, Preventive Health --- Health Care, Preventive --- Health Program, Preventive --- Health Programs, Preventive --- Health Service, Preventive --- Health, Preventive --- Preventive Health Program --- Preventive Health Service --- Preventive Program --- Program, Preventive --- Program, Preventive Health --- Programs, Preventive --- Programs, Preventive Health --- Service, Preventive Health --- Preventive Medicine --- Preventive Psychiatry --- Primary Prevention --- Egyptian Ophthalmia --- Ophthalmia, Egyptian --- Trachomas --- Infection and Infestation --- Infections and Infestations --- Infestation and Infection --- Infestations and Infections --- Infections, Gram-Negative Bacterial --- Bacterial Infections, Gram-Negative --- Bacterial Infection, Gram-Negative --- Gram Negative Bacterial Infections --- Gram-Negative Bacterial Infection --- Infection, Gram-Negative Bacterial --- Conjunctival Disease --- Disease, Conjunctival --- Diseases, Conjunctival --- Ocular Infections --- Eye Infection --- Infection, Eye --- Infection, Ocular --- Infections, Eye --- Infections, Ocular --- Ocular Infection --- Bacterial Infection --- Infection, Bacterial --- Infections, Bacterial --- Community Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Community --- Health, Public --- Education, Public Health Professional --- Chlamydiaceae Infection --- Infection, Chlamydiaceae --- Infections, Chlamydiaceae --- Eye Disorders --- Eye Disease --- Eye Disorder --- Ophthalmology --- Conjunctivitides --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Infections, Chlamydia --- Chlamydia Infection --- Infection, Chlamydia --- Health Practice, Public --- Health Practices, Public --- Practice, Public Health --- Practices, Public Health --- Public Health Practices --- Bacterial Conjunctivitides --- Conjunctivitides, Bacterial --- Bacterial Conjunctivitis --- Conjunctivitis, Mucopurulent --- Conjunctivitis, Purulent --- Conjunctivitides, Mucopurulent --- Conjunctivitides, Purulent --- Mucopurulent Conjunctivitides --- Mucopurulent Conjunctivitis --- Purulent Conjunctivitides --- Purulent Conjunctivitis --- Services, Health --- Health Service --- Community Healthcare --- Health Services, Community --- Services, Community Health --- Community Health Care --- Care, Community Health --- Community Health Service --- Community Healthcares --- Health Care, Community --- Health Service, Community --- Healthcare, Community --- Healthcares, Community --- Service, Community Health --- Public Health Administration --- Social Work --- Community Health Planning --- Corneal Disease --- Disease, Corneal --- Diseases, Corneal --- Bacterial Ocular Infections --- Infections, Bacterial Eye --- Infections, Bacterial Ocular --- Bacterial Eye Infections --- Ocular Infections, Bacterial --- Bacterial Eye Infection --- Bacterial Ocular Infection --- Eye Infection, Bacterial --- Infection, Bacterial Eye --- Ocular Infection, Bacterial --- Healthcare Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- prevention & control --- Trachoma. --- Preventive Health Services. --- Communicable Disease Control. --- Africa South of the Sahara. --- Subsaharan Africa --- Africa, Sub-Saharan --- Sub-Saharan Africa --- Flatten the Curve of Epidemic --- Flattening the Curve, Communicable Disease Control --- pauvreté --- méthode de lutte --- infection --- vitamine --- prévention sanitaire --- insecticide --- antibiotique --- diagnostic --- sensibilité résistance
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Alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) of the lung are important contributors to pulmonary immune functions and to pulmonary development and alveolar repair mechanisms following lung injury. AECI, together with the capillary endothelium, form the extremely thin barrier between alveolar air and blood. AECII produce and metabolize the surface-tension lowering and immune-modulating surfactant and are the progentiors of AECI. A great variety of processes rely on their normal functioning, including maintenance of the alveolar barrier; innate immune defense; and processes of differentiation, senescence, apoptosis, and autophagy. The wide range of AEC functions is nicely reflected by the diversity of topics addressed by the four review and eight original articles contained in this Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Beyond the broad spectrum of topics, the authors of this issue also made use of an impressive variety of analytical methods, thus further illustrating the fascinating diversity of aspects related to AEC biology.
JAM-A --- P2X7 receptor --- mouse lung --- alveolar epithelium --- bleomycin-induced lung injury --- GSK-3β --- dietary sugar --- hyperglycemia --- lung mechanics --- alveolar septal composition --- physical activity --- extracellular matrix remodeling --- high-altitude pulmonary edema --- acute mountain sickness --- oxygen diffusion limitation --- surfactant protein B --- atelectrauma --- alveolar fluid --- acinar micromechanics --- acute lung injury --- autophagy --- lysosome --- lysosomal membrane permeability --- mitochondria --- pneumocyte --- microRNA-21 --- alveolar micromechanics --- structural remodeling --- inflammatory signaling --- lung --- alveolus --- type 1 alveolar epithelial cell --- type 2 alveolar epithelial cell --- focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy --- 3D reconstruction --- carbon dioxide --- hypercapnia --- Na,K-ATPase --- endoplasmic reticulum --- sodium transport --- protein oxidation --- alveolar epithelial cells --- pulmonary fibrosis --- epithelial cell dysfunction --- stem cell exhaustion --- pneumonia --- necrotizing --- regeneration --- model --- bovine --- chlamydia --- alveoli --- air-blood barrier --- epithelium --- air-liquid interface --- alveolar lining layer --- glycocalyx --- surfactant --- lung injury --- lung regeneration
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