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Cetacea. --- Whales. --- Cetacea --- Pinnipedia. --- Seals (Animals) --- Pinnipedia --- Pinnipeds --- Mammals --- Cetaceans --- Cete --- Cetomorpha --- Identification. --- Ecology

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Marine mammals --- Marine mammals. --- North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission --- North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission. --- North Atlantic Ocean. --- marine mammals --- cetaceans --- pinnipeds --- North Atlantic --- management --- Aquatic mammals --- Marine animals --- NAMMCO --- Atlantic Ocean --- north atlantic

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Animals lead rich social lives. They care for one another, compete for resources, and mate. Within a society, social relationships may be simple or complex and usually vary considerably, both between different groups of individuals and over time. These social systems are fundamental to biological organization, and animal societies are central to studies of behavioral and evolutionary biology. But how do we study animal societies? How do we take observations of animals fighting, grooming, or forming groups and produce a realistic description or model of their societies? Analyzing AnimalSocieties presents a conceptual framework for analyzing social behavior and demonstrates how to put this framework into practice by collecting suitable data on the interactions and associations of individuals so that relationships can be described, and, from these, models can be derived. In addition to presenting the tools, Hal Whitehead illustrates their applicability using a wide range of real data on a variety of animal species-from bats and chimps to dolphins and birds. The techniques that Whitehead describes will be profitably adopted by scientists working with primates, cetaceans, birds, and ungulates, but the tools can be used to study societies of invertebrates, amphibians, and even humans. Analyzing AnimalSocieties will become a standard reference for those studying vertebrate social behavior and will give to these studies the kind of quality standard already in use in other areas of the life sciences.

Vertebrates --- Animal societies --- Social behavior in animals --- Animal behavior --- Behavior --- Mathematical models. --- animal societies, social behavior, competition, mating, biology, science, nonfiction, grooming, bats, chimps, dolphins, birds, models, amphibians, invertebrates, ungulates, cetaceans, primates, vertebrates, hinde, ecology, ethology, classification, data, relationships, interaction, association, dominance hierarchies, groups, units, communities, tiers, roles, conflict, cooperation.

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Scientific and societal concern about the effects of underwater sound on marine ecosystems is growing. While iconic megafauna was of initial concern, more and more taxa are being included. Some countries have joined in multi-national initiatives to measure, monitor and mitigate environmental impacts of ocean noise at large, trans-boundary spatial scales. Approaches to regulating ocean noise change as new scientific evidence becomes available, but may also differ by country. The OCEANOISE conference series has provided a platform for the exchange of scientific results, management approaches, research needs, stakeholder concerns, etc. Attendees have represented various sectors, including academia, offshore industry, defence, NGOs, consultants and government regulators. The published articles in the Special Issue cover a range of topics and applications central to ocean noise.

military aircraft --- noise pollution --- ocean noise --- Endangered species --- human health --- animal behavior --- vessel noise --- radiated noise levels --- monopole source levels --- propagation loss --- animat --- air gun --- impact assessment --- marine vibroseis --- marine mammal --- sound propagation --- underwater noise modeling and mapping --- underwater noise effects --- ocean noise regulations --- underwater acoustics --- underwater sound impacts --- marine conservation --- coastal areas --- fish --- anthropogenic noise --- passive acoustic monitoring --- protected species --- reproduction --- underwater noise --- sound propagation modelling --- multivariate mixture model --- acoustic zone --- ship noise --- Australian EEZ --- source levels --- marine shipping --- automated identification system --- sound mapping --- management --- anthropogenic sound --- seismic surveys --- electromagnetic surveys --- behavioral response studies --- severity scoring of responses --- controlled exposure experiments --- cetaceans --- Physeter macrocephalus --- continuous naval sonar --- marine soundscape --- wind noise --- whale song --- fish chorus --- marine mammal conservation --- behavioral disturbance --- hearing impairment --- auditory masking --- seismic airgun source --- particle motion --- ground motion --- geophysical instruments --- bioacoustics of marine mammals --- underwater acoustic propagation --- animal communication --- acoustic propagation --- whistle detection --- time difference of arrival --- underwater acoustic --- underwater sound sensing --- ocean sound measurement --- seismic interface waves --- dispersion --- water-particle velocity --- seabed vibration --- permanent threshold shift --- synaptopathy --- neuropathy --- auditory brainstem response --- behavioral thresholds --- sea lice --- Lepeophtheirus salmonis --- acoustic trauma --- transmission electron microscopy --- scanning electron microscopy --- ocean noise mitigation --- ocean noise regulation --- small vessel source levels --- acoustic techniques --- hydrophone-based observations --- shallow water --- pinnipeds --- apple snail --- Pomacea maculata --- invasive species --- plague --- mitigation method --- salmon --- Salmo salar --- scanning electron microcopy --- otolith organ --- lateral line --- histopathology --- vaterite --- neuromast