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65.01 --- 658.152 --- Methods and methodology. Theory and practice of organization --- Capital investment. Fixed assets. Use of funds --- Theses --- 658.152 Capital investment. Fixed assets. Use of funds --- 65.01 Methods and methodology. Theory and practice of organization --- kunst --- eenentwintigste eeuw --- Nederland --- 7.071 SEMAH --- Semah Joseph --- kunst en religie --- religie --- jodendom --- christendom --- beeldhouwkunst --- installaties --- Israël --- Irak
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The conditions for sustainable growth and development are among the most debated topics in economics, and the consensus is that institutions matter greatly in explaining why some economies are more successful than others over time. Probing the long-term effects of early colonial differences on immigration policy, land distribution, and financial development in a variety of settings, Understanding Long-Run Economic Growth explores the relationship between economic conditions, growth, and inequality, with a focus on how the monopolization of resources by the political elite limits incentives for ordinary people to invest in human capital or technological discovery. Among the topics discussed are the development of credit markets in France, the evolution of transportation companies in the United Kingdom and the United States, and the organization of innovation in the United States.
Economic development. --- Economic history. --- Sokoloff, Kenneth Lee. --- economic growth, economy, geography, development, finance, inequality, land distribution, immigration policy, credit markets, innovation, discovery, technology, human capital, investment, incentives, resources, monopoly, nonfiction, economics, transportation companies, france, england, united kingdom, britain, frontier, urban, centralization, history, mortgage loans, debt, patents.
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Financial crises result in price and quantity rationing of otherwise creditworthy business borrowers, but little is known about the relative severity of these two types of rationing, which borrowers are rationed most, and the roles of foreign and domestic banks. Using a dataset from 50 countries containing over 18,000 business loans with information on the lender, the borrower, and contract terms, we find that publicly-listed borrowers are rationed more by prices or interest rates, whereas privately-held borrowers are rationed more by the number of loans. Also, the global financial crisis appears to have changed how banks price borrower risk. Further, there are important differences between foreign and domestic banks and between U.S. and non-U.S. loans.
Banks and Banking --- Financial Risk Management --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Industries: Financial Services --- Financial Crises --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Economic Development: Financial Markets --- Saving and Capital Investment --- Corporate Finance and Governance --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- Banking --- Finance --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Monetary economics --- Foreign banks --- Loans --- Financial crises --- Bank credit --- Financial institutions --- Money --- Credit ratings --- Banks and banking, Foreign --- Banks and banking --- Credit --- United States
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Why do many households remain exposed to large exogenous sources of non-systematic income risk? We use a series of randomized field experiments in rural India to test the importance of price and non-price factors in the adoption of an innovative rainfall insurance product. Demand is significantly price sensitive, but widespread take-up would not be achieved even if the product offered a payout ratio comparable to U.S. insurance contracts. We present evidence suggesting that lack of trust, liquidity constraints and limited salience are significant non-price frictions that constrain demand. We suggest contract design improvements to mitigate these frictions.
Management --- Business & Economics --- Management Styles & Communication --- Financial risk --- Risk management --- Business risk (Finance) --- Money risk (Finance) --- Insurance --- Risk --- E-books --- Finance: General --- Macroeconomics --- Industries: Financial Services --- Insurance Companies --- Actuarial Studies --- Field Experiments --- Economic Development: Financial Markets --- Saving and Capital Investment --- Corporate Finance and Governance --- Personal Finance --- Portfolio Choice --- Investment Decisions --- Financial Institutions and Services: General --- Education: General --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Macroeconomics: Consumption --- Saving --- Wealth --- Insurance & actuarial studies --- Finance --- Education --- Insurance companies --- Consumption --- Liquidity --- Financial institutions --- National accounts --- Asset and liability management --- Economics --- United States
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In recent years, Brazil has achieved substantial progress in capital market development by building a diversified investor base and expanding the menu of available financial instruments. In this context, we evaluated the invested Brazilian market portfolio for a period spanning 2005–15. This is a portfolio of all assets proportionally weighted by their market capitalization, and it is divided in eight broad categories: government bonds, equities, bank funding bonds, corporate bonds, real-estate, agribusiness, private-equity, and credit bonds. While the paper focuses on stylized facts related to market size, composition weighting and changes over time, the estimated market portfolio contains important information for policy makers and market participants alike.
Capital market --- Capital market. --- Capital markets --- Market, Capital --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Loans --- Money market --- Securities --- Crowding out (Economics) --- Efficient market theory --- Finance: General --- Investments: General --- Investments: Bonds --- Investments: Stocks --- Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy --- Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook: General --- International Finance: General --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Portfolio Choice --- Investment Decisions --- International Financial Markets --- Economic History: Financial Markets and Institutions: Latin America --- Caribbean --- Economic Development: Financial Markets --- Saving and Capital Investment --- Corporate Finance and Governance --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Investment & securities --- Sovereign bonds --- Stocks --- Bonds --- Stock markets --- Financial markets --- Financial instruments --- Stock exchanges --- Brazil
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International comparisons reveal that—even controlling for a host of explanatory factors—credit depth is exceptionally low in Mexico. Using panel data methods linking credit growth and fundamentals, this paper estimates a long-term gap between actual and expected credit of about 40 percent of GDP. Possible explanations include the history of banking crises, the large informal sector and an inefficient legal system. Using a disequilibrium regression approach, this paper also finds that supply factors are particularly important as determinants of credit in Mexico. Recent financial reforms address many of the supply constraints, but their success will depend on implementation. The main challenge going forward will be to support financial deepening, while limiting risks to financial stability.
Finance --- Financial institutions --- Financial intermediaries --- Lending institutions --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Money and Monetary Policy --- Macroeconomics --- General Financial Markets: Government Policy and Regulation --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Economic Development: Financial Markets --- Saving and Capital Investment --- Corporate Finance and Governance --- Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit: General --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Business Fluctuations --- Cycles --- Monetary economics --- Banking --- Credit --- Bank credit --- Commercial banks --- Emerging and frontier financial markets --- Money --- Financial markets --- Credit cycles --- Financial sector policy and analysis --- Banks and banking --- Financial services industry --- Business cycles --- Mexico
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This paper traces the story of Indian financial sector over the period 1950–2015. In identifying the trends and turns of Indian financial sector, the paper adopts a three period classification viz., (a) the 1950s and 1960s, which exhibited some elements of instability associated with laissez faire but underdeveloped banking; (b) the 1970s and 1980s that experienced the process of financial development across the country under government auspices, accompanied by a degree of financial repression; and (c) the period since the 1990s till date, that has been characterized by gradual and calibrated financial deepening and liberalization. Focusing more the third period, the paper argues that as a consequence of successive reforms over the past 25 years, there has been significant progress in making interest and exchange rates largely market determined, though the exchange rate regime remains one of managed float, and some interest rates remain administered. Considerable competition has been introduced in the banking sector through new private sector banks, but public sector banks continue have a dominant share in the market. Contractual savings systems have been improved, but pension funds in India are still in their infancy. Similarly, despite the introduction of new private sector insurance companies coverage of insurance can expand much further, which would also provide greater depth to the financial markets. The extent of development along all the segments of the financial market has not been uniform. While the equity market is quite developed, activities in the private debt market are predominantly confined to private placement form and continue to be limited to the bluechip companies. Going forward, the future areas for development in the Indian financial sector would include further reduction of public ownership in banks and insurance companies, expansion of the contractual savings system through more rapid expansion of the insurance and pension systems, greater spread of mutual funds, and development of institutional investors. It is only then that both the equity and debt markets will display greater breadth as well as depth, along with greater domestic liquidity. At the same time, while reforming the financial sector, the Indian authorities had to constantly keep the issues of equity and efficiency in mind.
Banks and banking. --- Capital market. --- Capital markets --- Market, Capital --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Loans --- Money market --- Securities --- Crowding out (Economics) --- Efficient market theory --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Money --- Banks and banking --- Capital market --- E-books --- Business, Economy and Management --- Banks and Banking --- Finance: General --- Insurance --- Industries: Financial Services --- Macroeconomics --- Monetary Policy --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Insurance Companies --- Actuarial Studies --- Economic Development: Financial Markets --- Saving and Capital Investment --- Corporate Finance and Governance --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Public Enterprises --- Public-Private Enterprises --- Insurance & actuarial studies --- Civil service & public sector --- Stock markets --- Insurance companies --- Financial markets --- Public sector --- Economic sectors --- Stock exchanges --- Finance, Public --- India
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There is a vast body of literature estimating the impact of financial development on economic growth, inequality, and economic stability. A typical empirical study approximates financial development with either one of two measures of financial depth – the ratio of private credit to GDP or stock market capitalization to GDP. However, these indicators do not take into account the complex multidimensional nature of financial development. The contribution of this paper is to create nine indices that summarize how developed financial institutions and financial markets are in terms of their depth, access, and efficiency. These indices are then aggregated into an overall index of financial development. With the coverage of 183 countries on annual frequency between 1980 and 2013, the database should offer a useful analytical tool for researchers and policy makers.
Economic indicators --- Financial institutions --- Capital market --- Economic development --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Capital markets --- Market, Capital --- Finance --- Loans --- Money market --- Securities --- Crowding out (Economics) --- Efficient market theory --- Financial intermediaries --- Lending institutions --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Business indicators --- Indicators, Business --- Indicators, Economic --- Leading indicators --- Economic history --- Quality of life --- Economic forecasting --- Index numbers (Economics) --- Social indicators --- E-books --- Finance: General --- Investments: General --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Financial Institutions and Services: General --- Economic Development: Financial Markets --- Saving and Capital Investment --- Corporate Finance and Governance --- Index Numbers and Aggregation --- leading indicators --- Methodology for Collecting, Estimating, and Organizing Macroeconomic Data --- Data Access --- Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy --- Investment & securities --- Financial sector development --- Stock markets --- Market capitalization --- Securities markets --- Financial markets --- Financial services industry --- Stock exchanges --- Financial instruments --- Trinidad and Tobago
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This paper examines how financial development affects the sources of growth—productivity and investment—using a sample of 145 countries for the period 1960-2011. We employ a range of econometric approaches, focusing on the CCA and MENA countries. The analysis looks beyond financial depth to capture the access, efficiency, stability, and openness dimensions of financial development. Yet even in this broad interpretation, financial development does not appear to be a magic bullet for economic growth. We cannot confirm earlier findings of an unambiguously positive relationship between financial development, investment, and productivity. The relationship is more complex. The influence of the different dimensions of financial development on the sources of growth varies across income levels and regions.
Financial institutions --- Capital market --- Economic development --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Capital markets --- Market, Capital --- Finance --- Loans --- Money market --- Securities --- Crowding out (Economics) --- Efficient market theory --- Financial intermediaries --- Lending institutions --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- E-books --- Finance: General --- Investments: Stocks --- Macroeconomics --- Production and Operations Management --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Economic Development: Financial Markets --- Saving and Capital Investment --- Corporate Finance and Governance --- Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity: General --- Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy --- General Financial Markets: General (includes Measurement and Data) --- Production --- Cost --- Capital and Total Factor Productivity --- Capacity --- Aggregate Factor Income Distribution --- Pension Funds --- Non-bank Financial Institutions --- Financial Instruments --- Institutional Investors --- Investment & securities --- Financial sector development --- Stock markets --- Total factor productivity --- Income --- Stocks --- Financial markets --- National accounts --- Financial services industry --- Stock exchanges --- Industrial productivity --- United States
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This book consists of articles that investigate and discuss the relationship between economics of education and sustainable development; that is, how education economics plays an important role in sustainable development. Economics of education or education economics is the study of economic issues relating to education (such as education policy and finance, human capital production and acquisition, and the returns to human capital); while sustainable development is the study of a system (a human society) operating and growing continuously, which includes environment, economy, industry, business, agriculture, etc. This book particularly focuses on the economy – how an economy continuously and steadily develops and grows.
higher education --- education input --- technological innovation --- economic growth --- VAR model --- education heterogeneity --- spatial spillover effects --- total factor productivity growth --- dynamic spatial SLX model --- wage discrimination --- sustainable development --- sheepskin effects --- supply/demand transition in labor market --- gender discrimination --- academic progression --- women faculty --- female professors --- maternity penalty --- gender gap --- gender disparity --- education --- Propensity Score Matching --- Intra-household income inequality --- senior secondary school --- parental economic expectation --- sustainable economic development --- international students --- human capital --- sustainable financial education --- consumer life satisfaction --- the necessity of financial education --- ordered probit regression --- trivariate causality --- health --- Zimbabwe --- human capital investment --- rate of returns --- screening and sheepskin effects --- tuition fee control policy --- financial management --- principal–agency model --- educational policy evaluation --- unintended consequence --- high school equalization policy --- housing market --- difference-in-differences analysis --- entrepreneurial intentions --- emotional competencies --- behavioral competencies --- entrepreneurial education --- nonlinear --- kink regression --- ASEAN-5
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