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Book
Wood Modification: Characterization, Modelling and Applications
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Year: 2021 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

This Special Issue of Coatings presents the newest research outcome in the field of the enhancement of native wood properties through a wide range of chemical, biological, and physical agents. The broad spectrum of topics provides a comprehensive update regarding ongoing research in this field. Such a compilation can be an inspiration for the further development of multifunctional and sustainable coatings, revolutionizing the wood sector of the future.


Book
Feature Papers in Horticulturae Ⅱ
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Year: 2022 Publisher: Basel MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Horticultural research has been undergoing fundamental changes to improve crop plants as a result of the emergence of new biochemical and molecular techniques. In addition, integration of new technologies with the desire to develop more sustainable production systems has also spurred production level research. The highlighted Feature Papers here reflect the diversity of the types of research performed on horticultural plant species, spanning basic to applied studies, production systems, and postharvest studies, in addition to highlighting some critical issues facing horticultural plant species.


Book
Mycoviruses
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ISBN: 303897997X 3038979961 Year: 2019 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

A virus (from the Latin word ‘v?rus’ meaning ‘venom’ or ‘poison’) is a microorganism invisible to the naked eye. Viruses can multiply exclusively by entering a cell and using the cell’s resources to create copies of themselves. As the origin of their name suggests, viruses are generally considered dangerous, harmful and often deadly. Some of the most well-studied and widely known viruses, such as HIV and influenza, infect humans. However, viruses can also infect animals, plants and microorganisms, including fungi. Many fungi are medically, ecologically and economically significant, for example, causing diseases to humans, plants and insects or being used in industry to produce bread, cheese, beer and wine. Viruses that infect fungi are called mycoviruses (from the Greek work ‘myco’, meaning ‘fungus’). Mycoviruses do not cause harm to or kill the infected fungus; in contrast, they are ‘friendly’ viruses and we can utilize them to control the growth, pathogenicity and toxin production of fungi. This book describes a range of different mycoviruses and their geographical distribution, transmission and evolution, together with their effects on the fungal hosts and how these are brought about.

Keywords

n/a --- recombination --- Brunchorstia pinea --- fungal viruses --- virus evolution --- isogenic --- fusarivirus --- Castanea sativa --- sequencing --- PsV-F --- conidiogenesis --- Narnaviridae --- Prunus --- virus discovery --- dicer --- totivirus --- killer toxin --- Saccharomyces paradoxus --- Aspergillus fumigatus tetramycovirus-1. --- Fusarium head blight --- dsRNA --- hypovirus --- killer system --- victorivirus --- Leptosphaeria biglobosa quadrivirus --- Entomophthora --- biological control --- RNA genome --- stone fruit --- hypervirulence --- Aspergillus fumigatus chrysovirus --- phylogeny --- A. fumigatus --- Mymonaviridae --- endornavirus --- mycovirus --- Aspergillus --- double-stranded RNA virus --- gemycircularvirus --- Alphapartitivirus --- Partitivirus --- capsid structure --- RnQV1 --- dsRNA virus --- RNA silencing --- capsid protein --- Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA --- multiplex PCR --- A. nidulans --- conifers --- Entomophthoromycotina --- Magnaporthe oryzae. chrysovirus 1 --- sclerogenesis --- Mitovirus --- chrysovirus --- A. niger --- selection pressure --- viral lineage --- A. thermomutatus --- transmission --- Tymovirales --- brown rot --- PcV --- Botrytis cinerea mymonavirus 1 --- Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus --- mitovirus --- populations study --- ssRNA --- mitochondrion --- partitivirus --- rice blast fungus --- database mining --- fungal virus --- horizontal virus transmission --- antiviral --- Aspergillus fumigatus partitivirus-1 --- hypovirulence --- Ethiopia --- chestnut blight --- Trichoderma atroviride --- Botrytis cinerea --- Cryphonectria parasitica --- Totiviridae --- small RNA --- infection cushion --- ash dieback --- Beauveria bassiana --- Rhizophagus --- Sclerotinia minor --- polymycovirus --- biocontrol --- genomic structure analysis --- Mycovirus --- dsRNA mycoviruses --- mycorrhizal fungi --- evolution --- invasive species --- transmissibility --- Chalara fraxinea --- tRFs --- ScV-L-A


Book
Wood Properties and Processing
Author:
ISBN: 3039288229 3039288210 Year: 2020 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

Wood-based materials are CO2-neutral, renewable, and considered to be environmentally friendly. The huge variety of wood species and wood-based composites allows a wide scope of creative and esthetic alternatives to materials with higher environmental impacts during production, use and disposal. Quality of wood is influenced by the genetic and environmental factors. One of the emerging uses of wood are building and construction applications. Modern building and construction practices would not be possible without use of wood or wood-based composites. The use of composites enables using wood of lower quality for the production of materials with engineered properties for specific target applications. Even more, the utilization of such reinforcing particles as carbon nanotubes and nanocellulose enables development of a new generation of composites with even better properties. The positive aspect of decomposability of waste wood can turn into the opposite when wood or wood-based materials are exposed to weathering, moisture oscillations, different discolorations, and degrading organisms. Protective measures are therefore unavoidable for many outdoor applications. Resistance of wood against different aging factors is always a combined effect of toxic or inhibiting ingredients on the one hand, and of structural, anatomical, or chemical ways of excluding moisture on the other.

Keywords

neural network --- Pinus massoniana Lamb. --- intra-ring variation --- relative humidity --- ultimate state --- nondestructive assessment --- machinability --- stiffness --- wood based composites --- bamboo --- poplar seedlings --- thinning --- blue staining fungi --- tropical woods --- compression --- bending stiffness --- wooden windows --- ultrasonic wave velocity measurement --- glued lamella --- three-point bending --- wood properties --- technological and product innovations --- structural changes --- non-destructive testing --- hardwoods --- brittleness --- green larch --- root-collar diameter --- FTIR --- material preference --- cooling tower --- tensile modulus --- strength grading --- immigrants --- weight of a user --- density --- flexible chair --- predictive performance --- heat treatment --- modulus of elasticity --- orthotropic --- acoustic resonance --- building material --- CIEL*a*b* system --- deflection at the modulus of rupture --- marketing --- bamboo grid packing --- fungi --- minimal curve radius --- European hardwoods --- cyclic loading --- chemical composition --- laminated wood --- volume yield --- tensile strength --- artificial weathering --- glulam --- dynamic modulus of elasticity --- colour changes --- modulus of elasticity (MOE) --- coefficient of wood bendability --- urban housing --- Resistance to Impact Milling (RIM) --- nondestructive testing --- Coniophora puteana --- roughness --- brown rot --- wood --- phenol formaldehyde resin --- wood-processing industry performance --- elemental composition --- natural weathering --- longitudinal stress wave velocity --- mechanical properties --- aluminium reinforcements --- chemical changes --- colour change --- High-Energy Multiple Impact (HEMI)–test --- plantation timber --- fiber-managed hardwoods --- cooling packing --- wood mechanical properties --- flexural rigidity --- moisture content --- ultrasonic speed --- color --- elastic constants --- Douglas-fir --- mixed-effects hierarchical linear models --- wood impregnation --- dynamic strength --- microfibril angle --- silviculture --- low quality round wood --- Eucalyptus --- hybrid beams --- end-product-based fiber attribute determinates --- high frequency drying --- infrared spectroscopy --- building culture background --- lumber --- Euler-Bernoulli --- ultrasound --- cell-wall mechanics --- colour --- deflection at the limit of proportionality

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