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This book seeks to contribute to an understanding of the role played by international trade law in shaping economic outcomes from a theoretical perspective. The focus is on geographical indications (GI), an intellectual property right defined in the TRIPs Agreement of the WTO. The premise is that a GI can be conceptualized as a ‘club asset’: firms that produce GI-labelled goods both add value and derive benefits from the GI. The book starts by presenting a dynamic model of GI reputation under the assumption that quality is endogenous. This is followed by a static partial equilibrium model of club optimality conditions under the assumption that quality is exogenous (defined by a standard). The author concludes by presenting a model of the welfare effects of the so called “claw-back” of GIs, when a country starts protecting a foreign GI previously considered generic.

Commerce --- Business & Economics --- International Commerce --- trade regionalism and integration --- Geographical Indications --- World Trade Organization (WTO) --- international trade

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Le Viêt Nam est devenu en janvier 2007 le 150e membre de l’OMC (Organisation mondiale du commerce). Depuis le lancement du « Doi Moi » (Renouveau) intervenu fin 1986, ce pays connaît une croissance économique très rapide, parmi les plus élevées du monde. Le processus d’intégration accélérée du Viêt Nam à l’économie mondiale après plusieurs décennies de guerre et d’isolement, dont l’adhésion à l’OMC représente une étape supplémentaire, joue un rôle majeur dans le développement du pays. Grâce à la croissance, la pauvreté a reculé très rapidement. Même si le Viêt Nam fait partie des pays en développement les moins inégalitaires selon les comparaisons internationales, les inégalités sociales sont en augmentation depuis le début du processus d’ouverture. En quoi l’adhésion du Viêt Nam à l’OMC, qui intervient peu après celle de la Chine (2001), est-elle susceptible d’influer sur le sentier de croissance de l’économie vietnamienne et sur son intégration à l’économie mondiale ? Quel peut être son impact sur l’emploi et sur le processus de restructuration de la population active ? Au-delà, quel impact sur les inégalités et la pauvreté ? Toutes ces questions sont au cœur des débats de politique économique au Viêt Nam. La Table ronde consacrée à « L’adhésion du Viêt Nam à l’OMC ; l’impact sur la croissance et l’emploi », co-organisée en janvier 2008 par l’Ambassade de France au Viêt Nam et l’Académie des Sciences Sociales du Viêt Nam dans le cadre du Fonds de Solidarité Prioritaire (FSP) en Sciences sociales, cherchait à apporter des premiers éléments de réponse à ces questions un an après l’adhésion du pays à l’OMC. Cette synthèse comprend les quatre articles présentés par des chercheurs vietnamiens et français lors de cette Table ronde. Pour enrichir l’analyse, les éléments de réflexion apportés par les deux discutants des communications lors de la Table ronde sont également publiés.

Asian Studies --- socialism --- Economy --- Industry --- growth --- services --- WTO --- openness --- economic transition --- industrialization --- norms --- international organizations --- socialisme --- industrie --- capitalisme --- integration --- capitalism --- économie --- industrialisation --- Vietnam --- organisations internationales --- normes --- Viêt Nam --- Asean --- OMC --- Organisation mondiale du commerce --- ouverture --- transition économique --- doi moi --- croissance

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Since the early 1990s the world has seen an explosion of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) between North and South. Mark Manger argues that current North-South PTAs are not primarily about liberalizing exports as is usually assumed. Rather, they are driven by the needs of foreign direct investment. The interests of multinational firms in investing in developing countries converge with the desires of the host countries to attract foreign capital. Yet to be politically feasible in the developed country, North-South PTAs must discriminate against third countries. PTAs thus create a competitive dynamic between countries, as excluded firms lobby their governments to restore access to important investment locations, leading to yet more preferential agreements. Based on extensive research in Europe, Japan, and the Americas and interviews with decision-makers in governments and the private sector, this book offers a new perspective on the roles of the state and corporations in international trade.

Foreign trade policy --- #SBIB:33H071 --- #SBIB:327.7H31 --- Economische internationale betrekkingen --- Andere intergouvernementele organisaties: WTO, ASEAN e.a. --- Free trade --- Tariff preferences --- Trade blocs --- Regional economic blocs --- Regional trading blocs --- Trading blocs --- International trade --- Differential duty --- Discriminating duty --- Generalized system of preferences (Tariff) --- GSP (Tariff) --- Preferences, Tariff --- Preferential duty --- Preferential tariff --- Trade preferences --- Tariff --- Free trade and protection --- Trade, Free --- Trade liberalization --- Andere intergouvernementele organisaties: WTO, ASEAN e.a --- Tariff preferences. --- Trade blocs. --- Free trade. --- Social Sciences --- Political Science

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Restrictions on foreign investment in U.S. telecommunications firms have harmed the interests of American consumers and investors, argues J. Gregory Sidak in this convincing study. Sidak shows why these restrictions, originally intended to protect America from the perils of wireless telegraphy by foreign agents, should be repealed. Basing his analysis on legislative history, statutory and constitutional interpretation, and finance and trade theory, Sidak shows that these restrictions no longer serve their national security purpose (if they ever did). Instead they deny American consumers lower prices and more robust innovation, hamper access of American investors to foreign telecommunications markets, and unconstitutionally impinge on freedom of speech. Sidak's study encompasses the Telecommunications Act of 1996, recent global mergers such as British Telecom-MCI, and the 1997 World Trade Organization agreement to liberalize trade in telecommunications services.

Telecommunication --- Investments, Foreign --- Law and legislation --- E-books --- foreign investment, telecommunications, business, legislation, regulation, government, capitalism, wireless telegraphy, national security, finance, ownership, control, policy, free speech, wto, nonfiction, consumers, prices, innovation, british telecom-mci, economics, world trade organization, constitution, law, legal, politics, corporate, commerce.

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Interest in U.S. trade policy has been stimulated in recent years by the massive American trade deficit, by the belief that intervention by foreign governments in international markets has given other countries a competitive edge over the United States, and by concern about the increase in protectionism among industrial countries. In turn, major analytical developments in international economics have revolutionized trade theory, broadening its scope both by introducing in a more formal manner such concepts as imperfect competition, increasing returns, product differentiation, and learning effects and by including the study of political and economic factors that shape trade policy decisions. This collection of papers-the result of a conference held by the NBER-applies these "new" trade theories to existing world cases and also presents complementary empirical studies that are grounded in more traditional trade theories. The volume is divided into four parts. The papers in part 1 consider the problem of imperfect competition, empirically assessing the economic effect of various trade policies introduced in industries in which the "new" trade theory seems to apply. Those in part 2 isolate the effects of protection from the influences of the many economic changes that accompany actual periods of protection and also examine how the effects from exogenous changes in economic conditions vary with the form of protection. Part 3 provides new empirical evidence on the effect of foreign production by a country's firms on the home country's exports. Finally, in part 4, two key bilateral issues are analyzed: recent U.S.-Japanese trade tensions and the incident involving the threat of the imposition of countervailing duties by the United States on Canadian softwood lumber.

Foreign trade policy --- Commercial policy --- Politique commerciale --- Congresses --- Econometric models --- Congrès --- Modèles économétriques --- Congresses. --- 339.542 --- -Commercial policy --- -AA / International- internationaal --- 382.30 --- 380.23 --- International trade --- International trade policy --- Trade policy --- Economic policy --- International economic relations --- Buitenlandse handelsovereenkomsten. Multilaterale/bilaterale handelsbesprekingen. Tarieven. Uitvoerrechten. Gatt. Handelsconferenties. WTO --- -Congresses --- Handels- en wisselpolitiek in hun verband met de buitenlandse handel: algemeenheden. --- Vorming van internationale prijzen. Internationale gelijkheden en verschillen. Concurrentievermogen. --- Government policy --- 339.542 Buitenlandse handelsovereenkomsten. Multilaterale/bilaterale handelsbesprekingen. Tarieven. Uitvoerrechten. Gatt. Handelsconferenties. WTO --- Congrès --- Modèles économétriques --- AA / International- internationaal --- Econometric models&delete& --- Vorming van internationale prijzen. Internationale gelijkheden en verschillen. Concurrentievermogen --- Handels- en wisselpolitiek in hun verband met de buitenlandse handel: algemeenheden --- Commercial policy - Congresses. --- Commercial policy - Econometric models - Congresses. --- italy, personal saving, germany, savings, united kingdom, household, canada, trade policy, finance, economics, economy, nonfiction, deficit, intervention, government, competition, protectionism, product differentiation, increasing returns, softwood lumber, commerce, econometric models, congress, regulation, international markets.