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Dear Colleagues, The brain is vulnerable to injury. Following injury in the brain, apoptosis or necrosis may occur easily, leading to various functional disabilities. Neuronal death is associated with a number of neurological disorders including hypoxic ischemia, epileptic seizures, and neurodegenerative diseases. The brain subjected to injury is regarded to be responsible for the alterations in neurotransmission processes, resulting in functional changes. Oxidative stress produced by reactive oxygen species has been shown to be related to the death of neurons in traumatic injury, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, scavenging or decreasing free radicals may be crucial for preventing neural tissues from harmful adversities in the brain. Neurotrophic factors, bioactive compounds, dietary nutrients, or cell engineering may ameliorate the pathological processes related to neuronal death or neurodegeneration and appear beneficial for improving neuroprotection. As a result of neuronal death or neuroprotection, the brain undergoes activity-dependent long-lasting changes in synaptic transmission, which is also known as functional plasticity. Neuroprotection implying the rescue from neuronal death is now becoming one of global health concerns. This Special Issue attempts to explore the recent advances in neuroprotection related to the brain. This Special Issue welcomes original research or review papers demonstrating the mechanisms of neuroprotection against brain injury using in vivo or in vitro models of animals as well as in clinical settings. The issues in a paper should be supported by sufficient data or evidence. Prof. Bae Hwan Lee Guest Editor

global cerebral ischemia --- amiloride --- sodium–hydrogen exchanger-1 --- zinc --- neuronal death --- neuroprotection --- neurodegenerative disorder --- choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) --- trimethyltin (TMT) --- bean phosphatidylserine (Bean-PS) --- brain-derived neurotrophic factor --- moderate hypoxia --- physical exercise --- psychomotor function --- reaction time --- cortisol --- catecholamines --- nitrite --- endotheline-1 --- lactate --- pyridoxine deficiency --- ischemia --- gerbil --- homocysteine --- cell death --- glia --- neurogenesis --- N-acetyl-l-cysteine --- transient receptor potential melastatin 2 --- neurodegeneration --- Alzheimer’s disease --- metabolic disease --- adiponectin --- insulin --- antioxidants --- stroke --- preventive gene therapy --- adenoviral vector --- VEGF --- GDNF --- NCAM --- human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells --- antioxidant --- brain --- neurodegenerative disease --- oxidative stress --- PGC-1α --- vascular endothelial growth factor --- vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 --- PI3K/AKT --- MEK/ERK --- status epilepticus --- hippocampus --- middle cerebral artery occlusion --- reperfusion injury --- lipid emulsion --- excitotoxicity --- apoptosis --- GPR4 receptor --- MPP+ --- Parkinson’s disease --- CRISPR/cas9 --- ischemic stroke --- blood brain barrier --- nanoparticle-based drug delivery --- brain targeting --- BDNF --- miRNAs --- synaptic plasticity --- depression --- glioblastoma --- astrocytes --- astrocytic networks --- connexin 43 --- calcium activity --- neural injury --- nimodipine --- subarachnoid haemorrhage --- acid-sensing ion channels --- oxygen-glucose deprivation --- liver growth factor --- inflammation --- microglia --- Tg2576 transgenic mice --- amyloid-beta --- oculomotor system --- trophic factors --- motoneurons --- axotomy --- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis --- electroneutral transport --- cation-chloride cotransporters --- KCCs --- NKCCs --- WNK-SPAK/OSR1 --- ascorbic acid --- aging --- organotypic hippocampal slice culture --- n/a --- sodium-hydrogen exchanger-1 --- Alzheimer's disease --- Parkinson's disease

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Blindness and visual impairment impact significantly on an individual’s physical and mental well-being. Loss of vision is a global health problem, with approximately 250 million of the world’s population currently living with vision loss, of which 36 million are classified as blind. Visual impairment is more frequent in the elderly, with cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) accounting for over 50% of cases globally. Oxidative stress has been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of both conditions, and consequently the role of nutritional factors, in particular carotenoids and micronutrient antioxidants, have been investigated as possible preventative or therapeutic strategies. Dry eye syndrome (DES) is one of the most common ophthalmic conditions in the world. DES occurs where the eye does not produce enough tears and/or the tears evaporate too quicklyleading to discomfort and varying degrees of visual disturbance. There has recently been a great deal of interest in the potential for oral or topical supplementation with essential fatty acids (EFAs), specifically omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, as an adjunct to conventional treatments for DES. The objective of this Special Issue on ‘Nutrition and Eye Health’ is to publish papers describing the role of nutrition in maintaining eye health and the use of nutritional interventions to prevent or treat ocular disease. A particular (but not exclusive) emphasis will be on papers (reviews and/or clinical or experimental studies) relating to cataract, AMD and DES.

polyphenols --- n/a --- crocin --- chyrsin --- glaucoma --- dietary assessment --- photoreceptor degeneration --- dry eye --- RR-zeaxanthin --- nutritional supplements --- drug discovery --- corneal neovascularization (CNV) --- AMD --- dietary antioxidants --- micronutrients --- age-related macular degeneration --- preclinical models --- lenses --- microvascular lesions --- cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) --- angiogenesis --- fish oil --- macrophage --- anti-oxidant --- vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) --- rosmarinic acid --- visual cycle --- diabetic retinopathy --- lutein --- gut-retina axis --- light damage --- crocetin --- supplements --- clinical practice guidelines --- nutrition --- light --- eye disease --- dietary habits --- flavonoids --- phytoconstituents --- saffron --- carotenoids --- fatty acid --- electroretinography --- lens --- advanced glycation end products --- interleukin-1? (IL-1?) --- mesozeaxanthin (RS zeaxanthin) --- endoplasmic reticulum stress --- omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids --- clinical survey --- corneal chemical burn --- reduced glutathione --- omega-3 --- AGREE II --- retina --- inflammation --- anti-inflammatory --- retinal pigment epithelium --- diet --- Lactobacillus paracasei KW3110 --- Crocus Sativus L. --- saponins --- cataract --- CODS --- neoangiogenesis --- estrogen-deficient rats --- food frequency questionnaire --- gut microbiota --- antioxidant supplements --- sinapic acid --- personalised medicine --- systematic reviews --- nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-?B) --- diabetes --- Cucurbita argyrosperma --- oxidative stress --- endoplasmic reticulum

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It is well known that pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia, preterm birth, stillbirth, and intrauterine growth restriction affect over 12% of all pregnancies worldwide. These complications negatively impact both maternal and neonatal health and have short- and long-term effects such as an increased risk of neurodevelopmental and cardiovascular diseases. Over the past decade, numerous groups have investigated the use of new and/or existing drugs to either prolong gestation, such as in cases of threatened preterm labour; alleviate hypertension in preeclampsia; or promote adequate blood flow and nutrient delivery to the placenta to facilitate growth in IUGR. The overarching goal has been to promote healthier pregnancies and neonatal health, but it has been difficult to translate this work into the clinical setting, with problems in terms of drug delivery, specificity, and importantly, the early diagnostic capacities for complications in pregnancy. This book focuses on the early detection, potential novel therapeutic targets, risk factors, maternal outcomes, and long-term consequences of this critical problem.

ultrasonography --- elastography --- uterine cervix --- term pregnancy --- parturition --- genotyping --- preeclampsia --- MMP-9 --- MMP-2 --- SNPs --- tocolytic --- preterm birth --- preterm labor --- neonate --- prematurity --- pregnancy --- therapeutic --- progesterone --- fetus --- sex as a biological variable --- sex differences --- pregnancy complications --- placenta --- prenatal diagnosis --- fetal growth restriction --- miscarriage --- chorio-deciduitis --- grade --- amnionitis --- acute histologic chorioamnionitis --- intra-amniotic inflammatory response --- beta-blocker --- endothelial dysfunction --- cardiovascular disease --- pregnancy loss --- immunology --- vascular endothelial growth factor --- galectin-9 --- interleukin-4 --- proteomics --- urine --- biomarkers --- IBP4 --- SHBG --- RPL --- NK cells --- sildenafil --- PDE5A --- VEGF-A --- angiotensin --- infant --- newborn --- female --- abruptio placentae --- Apgar score --- pregnant women --- gestational age --- IL-1 blockade --- anakinra --- canakinumab --- human --- inflammation --- fetal growth restriction (FGR) --- intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) --- SPINT1 --- HAI-1 --- stillbirth --- placental insufficiency --- histopathology --- cardiovascular risk --- postpartum screening --- n/a

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There are 12 papers published with 8 research articles, 3 review articles and 1 perspective. The topics cover: Biomedical microfluidics Lab-on-a-chip Miniaturized systems for chemistry and life science (MicroTAS) Biosensor development and characteristics Imaging and other detection technologies Imaging and signal processing Point-of-care testing microdevices Food and water quality testing and control We hope this collection could promote the development of microfluidics and point-of-care testing (POCT) devices for biosensing.

amine functionalization --- graphene oxide --- immunosensor --- electrochemistry --- ferritin --- microfluidics --- synthesis --- nanoparticles --- microparticles --- integrated systems --- modularisation --- HFF-QCM (high fundamental frequency quartz crystal microbalance) --- mass transport --- flow cell --- biosensor --- food safety --- PoC (point of care) --- MQCM (monolithic quartz crystal microbalance) --- wearable biosensors --- biomedical microfluidics --- healthcare monitoring --- sports analytics --- microfluidic adsorption-based sensor --- stochastic model --- adsorption --- mass transfer --- ultimate noise performance --- detection limit --- quantification limit --- fluorescence-linked immunosorbent assay --- lab-on-a-disk --- vascular endothelial growth factor --- 3D microstructure --- high-frequency dielectrophoresis --- glioblastoma cells --- single cell manipulation --- microfluidic point-of-care device --- cancer stem cells --- microstructure topography --- PC12 cells --- neural differentiation --- capillary pressure control valve (CPCV) --- passive valve --- two-phase biocatalysis --- microfluidic droplets --- enzyme --- dental practice --- point-of-care diagnostics --- treatment monitoring --- oral health --- periodontitis --- caries --- saliva diagnostics --- Mycoplasma pneumoniae --- macrolides --- resistance mutations --- microfluidic --- 3D-printed --- sample-to-answer --- qPCR

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Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an inherited disease that affects the blood vessels, and is characterized by direct connections between arteries and veins with no intervening capillaries. These abnormal vessels may appear in the skin as tiny red dilated blood vessels in the mouth, lips, fingers and toes. The presence of these vascular lesions in the mucosa can lead to spontaneous and recurrent nose bleeding, typically beginning in mid-childhood, and this is the most common clinical manifestation of HHT, occurring in over 90% of patients. Gastrointestinal bleeding, derived from mucocutaneous vascular lesions, affects approximately 25% of patients, almost always presenting after the age of 50. Chronic nasal and gastrointestinal bleeding can cause iron-deficiency anemia, and current therapeutic strategies are trying to minimize iron and blood transfusions. HHT patients also present large vascular lesions, known as arteriovenous malformations, that occur in internal organs like lungs, liver, and brain, and may result in life-threatening complications often related to the shunting of blood. This book not only highlights the current knowledge regarding diagnosis and treatment of HHT, but also the newest insights in the molecular basis of HHT, the understanding of which is essential for the development of new medicines or therapeutic strategies.

hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia --- rare diseases --- telangiectasis --- transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) --- Smad pathway --- gastrointestinal bleeding --- epistaxis --- nosebleeds --- tacrolimus --- nasal ointment --- genetic disease --- rare disease --- hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) --- telangiectases --- mechanical damage --- sun-induced trauma --- vascular malformations --- Endoglin --- activin-receptor-like kinase 1 --- Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia --- antithrombotic therapy --- anticoagulants --- antiplatelets --- bleeding --- safety --- HHT --- ALK1 --- endoglin --- raloxifene --- bazedoxifene --- tranexamic acid --- propranolol --- FK506 --- etamsylate --- N-acetylcysteine --- pulmonary arteriovenous malformations --- transcatheter embolotherapy --- screening --- guidelines --- Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia --- pediatrics --- genotype–phenotype correlation --- arteriovenous malformation --- ENG --- ACVRL1 --- SMAD4 --- microRNA --- biomarker --- plasma --- arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) --- angiogenesis --- activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) --- transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) --- bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) --- propranolol gel --- epistaxis severity score --- nasal endoscopy --- antiangiogenic properties --- non-coding RNAs --- microRNAs --- long non-coding RNAs --- biomarkers --- endothelial cells --- hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), second-hit --- arteriovenous malformation (AVM) --- Smad4 --- inflammation --- shear stress --- vascular injury --- somatic mutation --- cell adhesion --- vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) --- telangiectasia --- hereditary hemorrhagic --- survival --- life expectancy --- pulmonary arteriovenous malformation --- contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography --- liver --- MRI --- ultrasound --- AVM --- bevacizumab --- Osler–Weber–Rendu --- hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia/HHT/osler’s disease --- cerebral ischemic lesions --- catheter based embolization therapy