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This Special Issue aims to provide new insights into the issue of the mercury contamination of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. This ubiquitous contaminant has been used by humans for many years, resulting in global contamination. When this toxic contaminant is converted to methylmercury, it accumulates in trophic chains, which is a major issue for wildlife and human health. The nine articles contained within this Special Issue on ‘‘Mercury and Methylmercury Contamination of Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecosystems’’ endeavour to identify the historical evolution of Hg and MeHg levels in aquatic environments, and to evaluate the impact of current and historical human activities, such as mining, climate change, and soil erosion, on receptor ecosystems and food chains.

Cytotoxicity --- erythrocytes --- methylmercury --- malondialdehyde --- in vitro --- superoxide dismutase --- mercury --- PQMI --- Palawan --- abandoned mines --- mine wastes --- sediments --- mussel --- mussel watch --- Mytilus --- St. Lawrence --- sediment --- water --- SPM --- gold mining --- French Guiana --- monomethylmercury --- water–sediment interface --- diel and seasonal cycles --- photodegradation --- particulate mercury --- suspended particulate matter --- particulate organic carbon --- Amazon rainforest --- mammoth fauna mammals --- hair --- environmental changes --- paleoclimate --- Pleistocene --- Yakutia --- lakes --- wet deposition --- ecological restoration --- mercury mobility --- microbial activities --- biogeochemistry --- gold mining activities --- n/a --- water-sediment interface

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Several species of Dinophysis produce one or two groups of lipophilic toxins: okadaic acid (OA) and its derivatives; or the dinophysistoxins (DTXs) (also known as diarrhetic shellfish poisons or DSP toxins) and pectenotoxins (PTXs). DSP toxins are potent inhibitors of protein phosphatases, causing gastrointestinal intoxication in consumers of contaminated seafood. Forty years after the identification of Dinophysis as the causative agent of DSP in Japan, contamination of filter feeding shellfish exposed to Dinophysis blooms is recognized as a problem worldwide. DSP events affect public health and cause considerable losses to the shellfish industry. Costly monitoring programs are implemented in regions with relevant shellfish production to prevent these socioeconomic impacts. Harvest closures are enforced whenever toxin levels exceed regulatory limits (RLs). Dinophysis species are kleptoplastidic dinoflagellates; they feed on ciliates (Mesodinium genus) that have previously acquired plastids from cryptophycean (genera Teleaulax, Plagioselmis, and Geminigera) nanoflagellates. The interactions of Dinophysis with different prey regulate their growth and toxin production. When Dinophysis cells are ingested by shellfish, their toxins are partially biotransformed and bioaccumulated, rendering the shellfish unsuitable for human consumption. DSP toxins may also affect shellfish metabolism. This book covers diverse aspects of the abovementioned topics—from the laboratory culture of Dinophysis and the kinetics of uptake, transformation, and depuration of DSP toxins in shellfish to Dinophysis population dynamics, the monitoring and regulation of DSP toxins, and their impact on the shellfish industry in some of the aquaculture regions that are traditionally most affected, namely, northeastern Japan, western Europe, southern Chile, and New Zealand.

WitOMI analysis --- n/a --- DST accumulation --- mussel --- dinophysistoxins --- depuration --- human health --- pectenotoxins (PTXs) --- cryptophytes --- Mesodinium --- dinophysis --- compartmentalization --- resistance --- Japanese scallop --- surf clam --- HAB monitoring --- toxins --- organic matter --- OMI analysis --- PTXs --- time-series --- Diarrhetic shellfish toxins --- predator-prey preferences --- immunity --- okadaic acid --- physical–biological interactions --- defense --- digestion --- Dinophysis --- harmful algal blooms --- pectenotoxin --- El Niño Southern Oscillation --- lysate --- suspended particulate matter (SPM) --- D. caudata --- mixotrophic cultures --- Mytilus galloprovincialis --- bivalves --- diarrhetic shellfish poisoning --- biotransformation --- Mesodinium cf. rubrum --- RNA-Seq --- DST esterification --- Mesodinium rubrum --- statistical analysis --- seasonality --- mass culture conditions --- D. acuminata-complex --- Argopecten purpuratus --- harmful algal bloom --- pipis (Plebidonax deltoides) --- DTX-2 --- Reloncaví Fjord --- pectenotoxins --- deep sequencing --- climatic anomaly --- Brazil --- qPCR --- high throughput sequencing --- DSP --- accumulation --- LC/MS/MS --- Protoceratium reticulatum --- shellfish toxicity --- transcriptomic response --- New Zealand --- blooms --- trophic transfer --- metabolism --- bacterial community --- kinetics --- marine biotoxins --- diarrhetic shellfish toxins --- bivalve shellfish --- Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins (DST) --- diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DST) --- Scotland --- Dinophysis acuminata --- DSP toxins --- toxin accumulation --- Southern Annual Mode --- Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning --- Dinophysis toxins --- OA --- marine toxins --- toxin vectors --- wild harvest --- Dinophysis acuta --- Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) --- Argopecten irradians --- dinophysistoxin --- Port Underwood --- aquaculture --- niche partitioning --- Dinoflagellates. --- Dinoflagellata --- Dinoflagellida --- Dinophyceae --- Dinophyta --- Pyrrophycophyta --- Pyrrophyta --- Phytoflagellates --- physical-biological interactions --- El Niño Southern Oscillation --- Reloncaví Fjord

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Around 10% of the global population lives in the world’s coastal zones, mostly concentrated in the world’s largest megacities. In many regions, the population is exposed to a variety of natural hazards and space-based observations. This Special Issue will focus on the usage of remote sensing alone or in synergy with in situ measurments and modeling tools to provide precise and systematic information about processes acting in the world’s coastal zones.

ACOLITE --- coastal waters --- atmospheric correction --- time-series --- management --- Sentinel-2 --- radon transform --- remote sensing --- bathymetry inversion --- multi-scale monitoring --- image augmentation --- phytoplankton remote sensing --- coastal ocean --- red tides --- black pixel assumption --- satellite --- sediment transport --- coastal geomorphology --- ocean color --- GOCI --- VIIRS --- turbid waters --- satellite-derived bathymetry --- Copernicus programme --- multi-temporal approach --- lidar --- turbidity --- coastal upwelling --- wind forcing --- river plume --- MODIS --- Arctic Ocean --- hurricanes --- water quality --- Puerto Rico --- harmful algal blooms --- Chattonella spp. --- Skeletonema spp. --- backscattering --- Ariake Sea --- chlorophyll-a variability --- spring–neap tides --- MODIS-Aqua --- total suspended sediment --- river discharge --- band registration --- morphological registration --- multispectral camera --- Micasense Rededge-M --- Pearl River estuary --- diffuse attenuation coefficient --- S-EOF --- land subsidence --- multi-temporal SAR interferometry --- sea-surface height --- relative sea level change --- satellite altimetry data --- GNSS --- coastal urban centers --- natural protected areas --- climate change impact --- physics-based inversion method --- ocean surface circulation --- high frequency radar --- self-organizing map --- empirical orthogonal function --- neural networks --- synoptic characteristics --- wave radar --- sea waves --- model data --- Mediterranean sea --- small river plume --- aerial drone --- coastal processes --- frontal zones --- internal waves --- along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar (ATI-SAR) --- current line-of-sight (LOS) velocity --- azimuth ambiguity --- baseline-to-platform speed ratio estimation --- storm surge --- coastal flooding --- marine storms --- natural hazards --- steric-effect --- satellite altimetry --- ADG/CDOM colored dissolved organic matter --- Sentinel 3 --- southwestern Puerto Rico --- ocean tidal backwater --- stage–discharge relation --- ocean tide model --- Mekong Delta --- suspended particulate matter --- ocean color data --- satellite remote sensing --- in situ measurements --- C2RCC --- Landsat-8 OLI --- Sentinel-2 MSI --- Mzymta River --- Black Sea --- MUR SST --- SST fronts --- Inner Sea of Chiloé --- northern Patagonia --- suspended sediment --- Typhoon Soudelor --- spatial–temporal distribution --- HF marine radars --- wave energy