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Les articles rassemblés dans ce recueil traitent de l’expression des valeurs existentielles dans différentes langues du monde. Le caractère universel de la problématique et sa richesse sont illustrés par la diversité des approches théoriques permettant de constater les similitudes et les différences de son expression d’une langue à l’autre. L’originalité de l’ouvrage ne réside pas seulement dans la description de la variété des structures existentielles, porteurs de valeurs possessives, locatives ou attributives, elle consiste également dans leur lecture multiple. La structure du recueil a été arbitrairement organisée en deux parties. Dans les articles de la première partie, la prédication existentielle est envisagée d’un point de vue typologique, dans ceux de la deuxième partie, c’est une démarche énonciative et pragmatique qui est appliquée. Cette répartition est toutefois quelque peu artificielle, dans la mesure où tous les auteurs envisagent les traits sémantiques, syntaxiques et formels des constructions existentielles et, pour certains articles, les paramètres contextuels quelle que soit la langue concernée. La prédication existentielle est présentée par les auteurs comme une opération spécifique de repérage d’un terme par rapport à l’autre qui se répercute sur le marquage non canonique des constituants propositionnels, ainsi que par l’emploi des marqueurs d’existence spécifiques. L’analyse typologique et l’approche énonciative se complètent et ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives dans la recherche linguistique sur l’expression de l’existence dans les langues du monde. The articles in this collection deal with the expression of existential values in several languages of the world. The diversity of theoretical approach taken by the authors illustrates richness and universality of this problem, and demonstrates the similarities and the differences of its expression in natural languages. The original aspect of the collection is not only due to the description of…

Sujet et prédicat (linguistique). --- Linguistique. --- Linguistics --- Language & Linguistics (General) --- prédication existentielle --- constructions possessives --- localisation --- saillance --- marqueurs d'existence --- Existential predication --- possessive constructions --- locational predication --- ve-drift --- бытийная предикация --- посессивные конструкции --- локализация --- фокализация --- маркеры бытийных значений

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Information structure, or the way the information in a sentence is 'divided' into categories such as topic, focus, comment, background, and old versus new information, is one of the most widely debated topics in linguistics. This volume incorporates exciting work on the relationship between syntax and information structure. The contributors are united in rejecting accounts that assume designated syntactic positions associated with specific information-structural interpretations, and aim instead to derive information-structural conditions on word order and other phenomena from the way syntax and syntax-external systems interact. Beyond this shared aim, the authors of the various chapters advocate a number of approaches, based on different types of data (syntactic, semantic, phonological/phonetic) from a range of languages. The book is aimed at specialists in syntax and/or information structure, as well as students and linguists in related fields keen to familiarise themselves with current issues in this fascinating area of research.

Comparative linguistics --- Grammar --- Syntaxe --- Linguistique contrastive --- Emphase --- Sujet et prédicat (linguistique) --- Contrastive linguistics. --- Focus (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES --- Syntax. --- Topic and comment. --- General. --- Focus (Linguistics). --- Focus (linguistics). --- Grammar, comparative and general --- Language arts & disciplines --- Syntaxe. --- Linguistique contrastive. --- Emphase. --- Functional sentence perspective (Grammar) --- Predicate and subject (Grammar) --- Subject and predicate (Grammar) --- Theme and rheme --- Topic and comment (Grammar) --- Language and languages --- Syntax --- Discourse analysis --- Linguistics --- Subject and predicate --- Topic and comment --- Arts and Humanities --- Language & Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax

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Information structure deals with the linguistic forms and techniques that support the integration of what is said into the current informational and attentional state of the addressee. This shows in categories like topic-comment structuring, focus to highlight expressions, marking of givenness and of presupposed information, and ways to indicate that the information provided is restricted. The book relates infor-mation structure to theoretical models of grammar, to computation and modelling and brings together what is known about the expression of information structure in human language with regard to its empirical investigation, its psycholinguistic aspects and the acquisition of information structure. Since the need to integrate what is said into the informational and attentional state of the addressee is central to all human communication, it is not surprising that all natural languages have developed devices to express information structural cate-gories. To illustrate this, the book also provides concrete and theory independent descriptions of the information structural encoding strategies of individual languages of different types . The book can be used as a textbook appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses; it also provides information for linguists that are not specialists in the field.

Psycholinguistics --- Grammar --- Pragmatics --- Psycholinguistique --- Sujet et prédicat (linguistique) --- Analyse de la conversation --- Grammaire comparée --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Phrase structure grammar. --- Conversation analysis. --- Focus (Linguistics) --- Psycholinguistics. --- Topic and comment. --- Conversation analysis --- Phrase structure grammar --- Constituent structure grammar --- Grammar, Phrase structure --- Generative grammar --- Functional sentence perspective (Grammar) --- Predicate and subject (Grammar) --- Subject and predicate (Grammar) --- Theme and rheme --- Topic and comment (Grammar) --- Discourse analysis --- Analysis of conversation --- CA (Interpersonal communication) --- Conversational analysis --- Oral communication --- Language, Psychology of --- Language and languages --- Psychology of language --- Speech --- Linguistics --- Psychology --- Thought and thinking --- Topic and comment --- Subject and predicate --- Syntax --- Psychological aspects --- Psycholinguistique. --- Analyse de la conversation. --- Grammaire comparée. --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative and general - Topic and comment --- Cognitive Linguistics. --- Information Structure. --- Sujet et prédicat (linguistique) --- Grammaire comparée.