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Zoonoses are currently considered as one of the most important threats for Public Health worldwide. Zoonoses can be defined as any disease or infection that is naturally transmissible from vertebrate or invertebrate animals to humans and vice-versa. Approximately 75% of recently emerging infectious diseases affecting humans are diseases of animal origin; approximately 60% of all human pathogens are zoonotic. All types of potential pathogenic agents, including viruses, parasites, bacteria and fungi, can cause these zoonotic infections. From the wide range of potential vectors of zoonoses, insects are probably those of major significance due to their abundance, high plasticity and adaptability to different kinds of pathogens, high degrees of synanthropism in several groups and difficulties to apply effective programs of population control. Although ticks, flies, cockroaches, bugs and fleas are excellent insects capable to transmit viruses, parasites and bacteria, undoubtedly mosquitoes are the most important disease vectors. Mosquito borne diseases like malaria, dengue, equine encephalitis, West Nile, Mayaro or Chikungunya are zoonoses with increasing incidence in last years in tropical and temperate countries. Vertebrates can also transmit serious zoonoses, highlighting the role of some carnivorous animals in rabies dissemination or the spread of rodent borne diseases in several rural and urban areas. Moreover, the significance of other food borne zoonoses such as taeniasis, trichinellosis or toxoplasmosis may not been underestimated.According to WHO, FAO and OIE guidelines an emerging zoonotic disease can be defined asa zoonosis that is newly recognized or newly evolved, or that has occurred previously but shows an increase of incidence or expansion in geographical, host or vector range. There are many factors that can provoke or accelerate the emergence of zoonoses, such as environmental changes, habitat modifications, variations of human and animal demography, pathogens and vectors anomalous mobilization related with human practices and globalization, deterioration of the strategies of vector control or changes in pathogen genetics. To reduce Public Health risks from zoonoses is absolutely necessary to acquire an integrative perspective that includes the study of the complexity of interactions among humans, animals and environment in order to be able to fight against these issues of primary interest for human health. In any case, although zoonoses represent significant Public Health threats, many of them still remain as neglected diseases and consequently are not prioritized by some health international organisms.The aim of this Research Topic is to cover all related fields with zoonoses, including basic and applied researches, approaches to control measures, explanations of new theories or observations, opinion articles, reviews, etc. To deeply discuss these issues, a holistic and integrative point of view is obviously needed and guided by the “One Health” strategy. Consequently the ambitious goal of this Research Topic will be only achieved by the collaboration of researchers specialized in different fields as medical and veterinary entomologists, parasitologists, veterinarians, virologists, zoologists, microbiologists, ecologists, evolutionary biologists and medicals specialized in epidemiology and public health. The participation of multiple contributors will be very important to comply with a knowledge demand of this issue of first-rate of scientific and medical interest.

Zoonoses. --- Transmission of Disease --- Public Health --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Zoonotic Diseases --- Zoonotic Infections --- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases --- Disease, Zoonotic --- Disease, Zoonotic Infectious --- Diseases, Zoonotic --- Diseases, Zoonotic Infectious --- Infection, Zoonotic --- Infections, Zoonotic --- Infectious Disease, Zoonotic --- Infectious Diseases, Zoonotic --- Zoonotic Disease --- Zoonotic Infection --- Zoonotic Infectious Disease --- Disease Reservoirs --- Communicable Diseases, Emerging --- Zoonotic Spillover --- Spillovers, Zoonotic --- Zoonotic Spillovers --- trypanosomatids --- epidemiology --- Borrelia --- one health --- emerging infectious diseases --- vector borne diseases --- Brucella --- zoonoses --- rickettsiae --- arbovirus

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Climate change is altering agricultural production and ecosystems around the world. Future projections indicate that additional change is expected in the coming decades, forcing individuals and communities to respond and adapt. Frequently, agriculture and ecosystems are seen as separate entities, resulting in entity-specific solutions in response to threats. Anthropogenic climate change simultaneously stresses both agriculture and ecosystems (AE) along with their interactions, and current research efforts examining climate change effects and possible adaptations fail to integrate agriculture and ecosystems. Research has quantified many AE impacts of climate change, and yet greater impacts are anticipated as climate change proceeds. Thus, an understanding of the implications for changing AE systems is crucial. AE function, health and productivity depend heavily on climatic characteristics. Failure to jointly consider these systems and the associated externalities may underestimate the impacts of climate change or cause adaptation implementation surprises such as the worsening of the adaptation status of some groups or ecosystems. This collection of papers draws on specific studies to explain why ecosystem and agriculture adaptation requires an integrated analytical approach. A synthesis of current literature is used, as well as examples from around the world to help explain concepts and current challenges. Researchers are encouraged to adopt integrated modeling as a means of avoiding implementation challenges and surprises when formulating and implementing adaptations. Failure to incorporate the overlapping effects of agriculture and ecosystems could lead to maladaptation and greater long-term damage under climate change. The papers in this volume address several aspects of these challenges.

agriculture --- carbon dioxide --- environmental Kuznets curves --- South Africa --- sustainable development goals --- climate change --- forest pests --- economic impacts --- Korean oak wilt --- representative concentration pathways --- drought frequency --- water use --- land conversion --- livestock production --- ecological implications --- adaptation failure --- adaptation planning --- economic interests --- ecosystem spillovers --- policy --- risk perception --- transformation --- adaptation --- coastal community --- local government --- responses --- ecosystems --- externalities --- vulnerability --- contagion --- land degradation --- n/a

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Zoonoses --- Public Health --- Public health --- Zoonoses. --- Public Health. --- Santé publique --- Public health. --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Sanitary affairs --- Social hygiene --- Environment, Preventive Medicine & Public Health --- Environment, Preventive Medicine and Public Health --- Health, Public --- Animal-borne diseases --- Communicable diseases between animals and human beings --- Zoonotic diseases --- Zoonotic Diseases --- Zoonotic Infections --- Zoonotic Infectious Diseases --- Disease, Zoonotic --- Disease, Zoonotic Infectious --- Diseases, Zoonotic --- Diseases, Zoonotic Infectious --- Infection, Zoonotic --- Infections, Zoonotic --- Infectious Disease, Zoonotic --- Infectious Diseases, Zoonotic --- Zoonotic Disease --- Zoonotic Infection --- Zoonotic Infectious Disease --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Communicable diseases --- Animals as carriers of disease --- Community Health --- Health, Community --- Preventive Medicine --- Education, Public Health Professional --- Disease Reservoirs --- Communicable Diseases, Emerging --- Transmission of Disease --- Zoonotic Spillover --- Spillovers, Zoonotic --- Zoonotic Spillovers

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As the Federal Reserve continues to normalize its monetary policy, this paper studies the impact of U.S. interest rates on rates in other countries. We find a modest but nontrivial pass-through from U.S. to domestic short-term interest rates on average. We show that, to a large extent, this comovement reflects synchronized business cycles. However, there is important heterogeneity across countries, and we find evidence of limited monetary autonomy in some cases. The co-movement of longer term interest rates is larger and more pervasive. We distinguish between U.S. interest rate movements that surprise markets versus those that are anticipated, and find that most countries receive greater spillovers from the former. We also distinguish between movements in the U.S. term premium and the expected path of risk-free rates, concluding that countries respond differently to these shocks. Finally, we explore the determinants of monetary autonomy and find strong evidence for the role of exchange rate flexibility, capital account openness, but also for other factors, such as dollarization of financial system liabilities, and the credibility of fiscal and monetary policy.

Monetary policy --- Interest rates --- Business cycles --- United States --- Banks and Banking --- Foreign Exchange --- Macroeconomics --- Estimation --- Simulation Methods --- Business Fluctuations --- Cycles --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- Money and Interest Rates: Forecasting and Simulation --- Monetary Policy --- Central Banks and Their Policies --- International Business Cycles --- Banks --- Depository Institutions --- Micro Finance Institutions --- Mortgages --- Externalities --- Finance --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Banking --- Long term interest rates --- Yield curve --- Short term interest rates --- Exchange rate flexibility --- Financial services --- Spillovers --- Financial sector policy and analysis --- Banks and banking --- International finance

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Germany has been a central player in discussions on the future architecture of Europe, and has been called on to play a larger role in supporting global and, especially, European recovery from the financial crisis that triggered the Great Recession. This book focuses on the possible economic role of Germany and shows that the quantitative effects of a German fiscal stimulus would be small on the heavily indebted euro area periphery countries that most need the boost. The book finds that Germany itself faces a growth challenge and that efforts to raise its own growth potential are important for Germany, and that more rapid growth of domestic demand will more powerfully stimulate European economic growth through its expanded demand for imports.

Business & Economics --- Economic History --- Economic development --- Germany --- Economic conditions. --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Financial crises --- Economic conditions --- Foreign economic relations. --- E-books --- Crashes, Financial --- Crises, Financial --- Financial crashes --- Financial panics --- Panics (Finance) --- Stock exchange crashes --- Stock market panics --- Crises --- 331.30 --- DE / Germany - Duitsland - Allemagne --- Economische toestand --- Exports and Imports --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Production and Operations Management --- Current Account Adjustment --- Short-term Capital Movements --- Macroeconomics: Production --- Externalities --- Demand and Supply of Labor: General --- Unemployment: Models, Duration, Incidence, and Job Search --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Labour --- income economics --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Spillovers --- Labor markets --- Productivity --- Total factor productivity --- Current account --- Financial sector policy and analysis --- Production --- Industrial productivity --- Balance of payments --- International finance --- Labor market --- Economic theory --- Income economics