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In the 1970s and 1980s, the social democratic party in Germany, SPD, underwent a considerable change in women's policy: it realigned its women's and family policy, incorporated feminist goals into the basic programme and introduced a gender quota in order to increase the proportion of female party members in party functions and political offices. The study tells the story of this upheaval through interviews with contemporary witnesses and an extensive review of party documents. Die SPD vollzog in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren einen beachtlichen frauenpolitischen Wandel: Sie richtete ihre Frauen- und Familienpolitik neu aus, übernahm feministische Ziele in das Grundsatzprogramm und führte eine Geschlechterquote ein, um den Anteil der weiblichen Parteimitglieder in den Parteifunktionen und in den politischen Ämtern zu erhöhen. Die Studie erzählt die Geschichte dieses Umbruchs mithilfe von ZeitzeugInnen-Interviews und einer umfangreichen Sichtung der Parteidokumente.

Sociology. --- Social theory --- Social sciences --- German social-democratic party --- political participation; women's quota; working group of social democratic women; women's movement; women in the SPD; social movements; party change --- Sociology

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In recent years, the requirements for technical components have steadily been increasing. This development is intensified by the desire for products with a lower weight, smaller size, and extended functionality, but also with a higher resistance against specific stresses. Mono-material components, which are produced by established processes, feature limited properties according to their respective material characteristics. Thus, a significant increase in production quality and efficiency can only be reached by combining different materials in a hybrid metal component. In this way, components with tailored properties can be manufactured that meet the locally varying requirements. Through the local use of different materials within a component, for example, the weight or the use of expensive alloying elements can be reduced. The aim of this Special Issue is to cover the recent progress and new developments regarding all aspects of hybrid bulk metal components. This includes fundamental questions regarding the joining, forming, finishing, simulation, and testing of hybrid metal parts.

tailored forming --- bulk metal forming --- geometry measurement --- wrought-hot objects --- turning --- process monitoring --- feeling machine --- benchmark --- lateral angular co-extrusion --- mechanical behavior --- hybrid metal components --- ultrasound --- laser beam welding --- excitation methods --- melt pool dynamics --- nickel base alloy 2.4856 --- membrane mode enhanced cohesive zone elements --- damage --- joining zone --- cross-wedge rolling --- welding --- PTA --- LMD-W --- forming --- rolling --- coating --- hybrid bearing --- residual stresses --- X-ray diffraction --- rolling contact fatigue --- bearing fatigue life --- AISI 52100 --- plasma transferred arc welding --- residual stress --- scanning acoustic microscopy --- hybrid components --- bevel gears --- hot forging --- process-integrated heat treatment --- air-water spray cooling --- self-tempering --- aluminum-steel compound --- intermetallic phases --- co-extrusion --- nanoindentation --- multi-material --- IZEO --- topology optimization --- computer-aided engineering environment --- GPDA --- manufacturing restrictions --- composites --- HSHPT --- nano multilayers --- Ni-Ti --- SPD --- friction welding --- surface geometry modification

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Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is a very attractive research field for metallic materials because it provides new possibilities for manufacturing nanostructured materials in large quantities and allows microstructural design on different hierarchical levels. The papers included in this issue address the following topics: novel SPD processes as well as recent advancements in established processing methods, microstructure evolution and grain refinement in single- and multi-phase alloys as well as composites, strategies to enhance the microstructure stability at elevated temperatures, mechanically driven phase transformations, surface nanostructuring, gradient and multilayered materials, and mechanical and physical properties of SPD-processed materials.

Mg-3.7Al-1.8Ca-0.4Mn alloy --- Al2Ca phase --- equal channel angular pressing --- refinement --- mechanical properties --- aluminium copper-clad rod --- hardness --- effective electrical conductivity --- severe plastic deformation --- Mg-9Li duplex alloy --- ECAP --- rolling --- high strength --- microstructure --- high pressure torsion extrusion --- gradient structure --- hardness distribution --- tensile properties --- copper --- high pressure torsion --- microstructural characterization --- magnetic properties --- hysteresis --- magneto-resistance --- β titanium alloys --- α phase precipitation --- phase composition --- high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction --- metastable β-Ti alloys --- powder metallurgy --- cryogenic milling --- spark plasma sintering --- surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) --- ultrasonic shot peening (USP) --- functionally graded materials (FGM) --- titanium niobium alloys --- titanium molybdenum alloys --- human mesenchymal stem cells culture --- cell adhesion --- cell proliferation --- magnesium --- equal-channel angular pressing --- deformation tests --- texture --- schmid factor --- cryogenic temperature --- 304L austenitic stainless steel --- rotating–bending fatigue --- tension–compression fatigue --- TiNi alloy --- thermal cycling --- ultrafine-grained structure --- microstructural and mechanical stability --- Ti–Fe --- high-pressure torsion --- high-temperature XRD --- differential scanning calorimetry --- phase diagram --- CalPhaD --- Mg alloy --- severe plastic deformation (SPD) --- intermetallic precipitates --- vacancy agglomerates --- corrosion --- n/a --- rotating-bending fatigue --- tension-compression fatigue --- Ti-Fe