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The Special Issue "Fiber Optic Sensors in Chemical and Biological Applications” gathers recent original papers. The subjects of the papers cover a broad range of optical fiber chemical sensors and biosensors applied for regulation in bioreactors, to novel concepts of intrinsic optical fiber sensors.

fiber optic sensor --- gold nanoparticles --- localized surface plasmon resonance --- mercury --- ppb --- refractive index sensor --- gas sensor --- hollow-core photonic crystal fiber --- Mach–Zehnder interferometer --- whole-cell biosensor --- bioluminescent bioreporter --- optical fiber biosensor --- toluene --- Pseudomonas putida TVA8 --- Escherichia coli 652T7 --- fiber optics --- long period grating --- fiber optical sensors --- refractive index --- chemical sensing --- mercapto compound --- yeast cultivation --- feedback regulation --- glucose detection --- optical biosensor --- laser-induced plasma spectroscopy --- microchip laser --- hair analysis --- OFDR type DAS --- phase fading solution --- high SNR --- real-time events detection --- ammonia detection --- layer-by-layer --- U-bent optical fiber --- porphyrin --- poly(styrene sulfonate) --- diazo resin --- photocrosslinking

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The emerging massive density of human-held and machine-type nodes implies larger traffic deviatiolns in the future than we are facing today. In the future, the network will be characterized by a high degree of flexibility, allowing it to adapt smoothly, autonomously, and efficiently to the quickly changing traffic demands both in time and space. This flexibility cannot be achieved when the network’s infrastructure remains static. To this end, the topic of UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) have enabled wireless communications, and networking has received increased attention. As mentioned above, the network must serve a massive density of nodes that can be either human-held (user devices) or machine-type nodes (sensors). If we wish to properly serve these nodes and optimize their data, a proper wireless connection is fundamental. This can be achieved by using UAV-enabled communication and networks. This Special Issue addresses the many existing issues that still exist to allow UAV-enabled wireless communications and networking to be properly rolled out.

unmanned aerial vehicle --- UAV positioning --- machine learning --- wireless communications --- drones --- network --- DTN --- mobility schedule --- routing algorithms --- data delivery --- Internet of drones --- communication --- security --- privacy --- UAV base station --- MIMO --- millimeter-wave band --- blind beamforming --- signal recovery --- UAV relay networks --- resource management --- transmit time allocation --- unmanned aerial vehicles --- dynamic spectrum access --- quality of service --- reinforcement learning --- multi-armed bandit --- aerial communication --- FANET --- not-spots --- stratospheric communication platform --- UAV --- UAV-assisted network --- 5G --- global positioning system --- GPS spoofing attacks --- detection techniques --- dynamic selection --- hyperparameter tuning --- IoT --- RF radio communication --- Wi-Fi direct --- D2D --- drone-based mobile secure zone --- friendly jamming --- mobility --- internet of things --- non-orthogonal multiple access --- resource allocation --- ultra reliable low latency communication --- uplink transmission --- Deep Q-learning (DQL) --- Double Deep Q-learning (DDQL) --- dynamic spectrum sharing --- High Altitude Platform Station (HAPS) --- cellular communications --- power control --- interference management --- cognitive UAV networks --- clustered two-stage-fusion cooperative spectrum sensing --- continuous hidden Markov model --- SNR estimation --- n/a

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Integration of photovoltaics and electrification in agriculture. Works on the integration of photovoltaics in agriculture, as well as electrification and microgrids in agriculture. In addition, some works on sustainability in agriculture are added.

transpiration --- PV heat conversion --- plant heat stress --- agrivoltaic system --- sustainable integration --- thermal analysis --- sustainable agriculture --- nexus approach --- rural development --- solar micro-grid --- techno-economic impact --- agrivoltaics --- solar energy --- agriculture --- energy innovation --- technology adoption --- photovoltaics --- extraterrestrial solar irradiation --- global, beam and diffuse solar components --- ground-reflected solar radiation --- horizontal, tilted and oriented solar irradiation --- solar photovoltaics --- agricultural robots --- Agri 4.0 --- battery-based farm machinery --- mobile irrigation system --- smart water sprinklers --- smart pesticide sprayers --- multi-purpose farming robots --- agrophotovoltaic --- agrivoltaic --- dual-land use --- solar sharing --- solar photovoltaic energy --- water–food–energy nexus --- fuses coordination --- protection device --- distributed generation --- distribution network --- photovoltaic --- DIgSILENT --- Agri-PV --- shading --- crop performance --- yields --- product quality --- organic agriculture --- biodynamic agriculture --- land productivity --- localization --- link budget --- spreading factor --- range --- LoRa --- node sensitivity --- SNR --- sustainable greenhouse --- semi-transparent photovoltaic panels --- amorphous silicon --- building-integrated photovoltaics --- microgrid --- organic photovoltaics --- greenhouses --- tomato --- arid region --- food-energy nexus --- solar-powered irrigation --- benefit-cost ratio --- land equivalent ratio --- n/a --- water-food-energy nexus

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The use of electronics, close-range sensing, and artificial intelligence has changed the management paradigm in many contemporary industries in which Big Data analytics by automated processes has become the backbone of decision making and improvement. Acknowledging the integration of electronics, devices, sensors, and intelligent algorithms in much of the equipment used in forest operations, as well as their use in various forestry-related applications, it is apparent that many disciplines within forestry and forest science still rely on data collected traditionally, which is resource-intensive. In turn, this brings limitations in characterizing the specific behaviors of forest product systems and wood supply chains, and often prevents the development of solutions for improvement or inferring the laws behind the operation and management of such systems. Undoubtedly, many solutions still need to be developed in the future to provide the technology required for the effective management of forests. In this regard, the Special Issue entitled “Electronics, Close-Range Sensors and Artificial Intelligence in Forestry” highlights many examples of how technological improvements can be brought to forestry and to other related fields of science and practice.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Forestry & related industries --- forest fire detection --- deep learning --- ensemble learning --- Yolov5 --- EfficientDet --- EfficientNet --- big data --- automation --- artificial intelligence --- multi-modality --- acceleration --- classification --- events --- performance --- motor-manual felling --- willow --- Romania --- region detection of forest fire --- grading of forest fire --- weakly supervised loss --- fine segmentation --- region-refining segmentation --- lightweight Faster R-CNN --- ultrasound sensors --- road scanner --- terrestrial laser scanning --- TLS --- forest road maintenance --- forest road monitoring --- crowned road surface --- digital twinning --- climate smart --- LiDAR --- digitalization --- forest loss --- land-cover change --- machine learning --- spatial heterogeneity --- random forest model --- geographically weighted regression --- aboveground biomass --- estimation --- remote sensing --- Sentinel-2 --- Iran --- multiple regression --- artificial neural network --- k-nearest neighbor --- random forest --- canopy --- drone --- leaf --- leaves --- foliar --- samples --- sampling --- Aerial robotics --- UAS --- UAV --- IoT --- forest ecology --- accessibility --- wood --- diameter --- length --- close-range sensing --- Augmented Reality --- comparison --- accuracy --- effectiveness --- potential --- forestry 4.0 --- wood technology --- sawmilling --- productivity --- prediction --- long-term --- tree ring --- forestry detection --- resistance sensor --- micro-drilling resistance method --- signal processing --- Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) --- n/a

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Radar-related technology is mainly processed within the time and frequency domains but, at the same time, is a multi-dimensional integrated system including a spatial domain for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. As a result of the enormous technological advancements of the pioneers actively discussed in this book, research and development in multi-dimensional undeveloped areas is expected to continue. This book contains state-of-the-art work that should guide your research.

inverse synthetic aperture ladar (ISAL) --- maneuvering target --- integral cubic phase function (ICPF) --- fractional Fourier transform (FRFT) --- non-uniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) --- CLEAN technique --- simultaneous polarimetric radar --- constant modulus sequences --- correlation properties --- doppler tolerance --- saliency preprocessing LLC --- saliency detection --- image processing --- scene classification --- antenna array --- automatic guided vehicle --- DoA/DoD estimation --- MIMO radar --- direct position determination --- Doppler --- Doppler rate --- maximum likelihood estimator --- coherent pulse trains --- single moving sensor --- Cramer–Rao lower bound --- bistatic MIMO radar --- DOD/DOA estimation --- mutual coupling --- off-grid sparse problem --- unmanned aerial vehicle --- clustering methods --- man-made targets --- synthetic aperture radar (SAR) --- inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) --- polarimetric decomposition --- Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) --- microwave imaging --- constitutive parameters --- conductivity --- permittivity --- tomography --- RF MEMS --- switch --- analytical approach --- low control voltage --- high switching speed --- high reliability --- radar echo cancellation --- frequency shifting modulation --- interrupted sampling --- radar jamming --- deception jamming --- remote sensing --- SAR --- radon transform --- speckle noise filtering --- maritime traffic monitoring --- wake detection and analysis --- synthetic aperture radar --- differential SAR tomography --- squinted SAR --- 3-D deformation --- 2-D PPS --- maneuvering target detection --- coherent integration --- motion parameter estimation --- second-order phase difference (SoPD) --- time-frequency analysis --- image fusion --- sparse representation --- hyperbolic tangent function --- guided filter --- narrowband interference separation --- block sparse Bayesian learning --- sensing matrix optimization --- block coherence measure --- bistatic inverse synthetic aperture radar --- linear geometry distortion --- prior information --- least square error --- lunar penetrating radar --- local correlation --- SNR --- K-L transform --- seislet transform --- generative adversarial nets --- through-wall radar imaging --- multipath ghost suppression --- generator and discriminator --- ultrahigh resolution --- spaceborne --- curved orbit --- series reversion --- singular value decomposition (SVD) --- deramping-based approach --- crosshole ground penetrating radar (GPR) --- Bayesian inversion --- Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) --- forward model --- modeling error --- discrete cosine transform (DCT) --- through-wall imaging --- contrast target detection --- clutter reduction --- entropy thresholding --- low-rank approximation --- S-transformation --- ISAR --- micro-Doppler --- synchrosqueezing --- PBR (passive bistatic radar) --- clutter suppression --- non-uniform grid --- dilation morphology --- passive bistatic radar --- phased array radar --- parameter estimation --- aircraft surveillance --- GPR --- seasonal permafrost --- electromagnetic wave attribute --- relative water content --- marine radar --- wind direction retrieval --- small wind streak --- local gradient method --- adaptive reduced method --- energy spectrum method --- metamaterial absorber --- double negative --- dual-band --- FMCW radio altimeter --- methodological error --- critical height --- altitude measurement accuracy --- height pulses --- ultra-wide frequency deviation --- sparse recovery --- wideband noise interference --- dechirping --- subspace extraction --- denoising detection --- orthogonal matching pursuit --- pulse radar --- rotating target --- micro-motion feature extraction --- interrupted transmitting and receiving (ITR) --- dual-polarized radar --- DOA estimation --- atomic norm --- comprehensive SAR --- multiparametric SAR observation --- discrete scatterer model --- n/a --- Cramer-Rao lower bound