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It is now clearly established that some proteins or protein regions are devoid of any stable secondary and/or tertiary structure under physiological conditions, but still possess fundamental biological functions. These intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) or regions (IDRs) have peculiar features due to their plasticity such as the capacity to bind their biological targets with high specificity and low affinity, and the possibility of interaction with numerous partners. A correlation between intrinsic disorder and various human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, amyloidoses and neurodegenerative diseases is now evident, highlighting the great importance of the topic. In this volume, we have collected recent high-quality research about IDPs and human diseases. We have selected nine papers which deal with a wide range of topics, from neurodegenerative disease to cancer, from IDR-mediated interactions to bioinformatics tools, all related to IDP peculiar features. Recent advances in the IDPs/IDRs issue are here presented, contributing to the progress of knowledge of the intrinsic disorder field in human disease.

alpha-synuclein --- NMR --- secondary structure propensity --- pre-structured motifs (PreSMos) --- intrinsically disordered protein --- ubiquitin-proteasome system --- intrinsically disordered proteins --- protein misfolding --- molecular recognition features --- cancer --- neurodegenerative diseases --- protein degradation --- EPR spectroscopy --- isothermal titration calorimetry --- protein-ligand interaction --- site-directed spin labeling --- protein structural dynamics --- WASp interacting protein --- protein–protein interactions --- actin --- cytoskeleton remodeling --- SH3 domain --- proline-rich motif --- single nucleotide variants --- interface core and rim --- human disease --- intrinsically disordered regions --- linear motifs --- gene duplications --- de novo --- evolutionary origin --- circular dichroism --- flexibility --- fluorescence --- importin --- isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) --- molecular docking --- nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) --- nuclear protein 1 (NPR1) --- peptide --- Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) --- Rett syndrome --- intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) --- protein stability --- protein-DNA interaction --- proteostasis --- ubiquitin independent degradation --- NADH-26S proteasome --- n/a --- protein-protein interactions