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Si la pratique du sport est un droit de l'homme, ainsi que l'énonce la Charte Olympique, elle implique également des devoirs. L'éthique appliquée au sport, au-delà du respect des règles du jeu, entend faire observer un certain nombre d'exigences toujours plus nombreuses et ne concernant pas uniquement les sportifs, qu'ils soient amateurs ou professionnels. Il s'agit non seulement de préserver l'esprit et les "valeurs du sport" souvent mis à mal (dopage, hooliganisme, tricherie...), mais aussi de promouvoir dans le sport des valeurs sociales contemporaines (principe de dignité, respect de l'égalité entre les hommes et les femmes, préservation de l'environnement...). Dans cette perspective, les instances sportives nationales et internationales et le législateur français ont pris ces dernières années un certain nombre de mesures visant à la promotion d'un sport éthique : Code d'éthique du Comité International Olympique de 1999 et création d'une commission d'éthique ; loi du le, février 2012 visant à renforcer l'éthique du sport et les droits des sportifs qui oblige les fédérations à adopter une charte éthique , charte d'éthique et de déontologie du Comité National Olympique et Sportif Français du 10 mai 2012 ; décret du 4 avril 2013 instaurant un Conseil National du Sport au sein duquel est crée une Commission éthique et valeurs du sport, etc. Cet ouvrage - fiait d'une journée d'études qui a eu lieu à l'Institut National Universitaire Jean-François Champollion d'Albi le 11 décembre 2014 - se propose de définir les contours et les enjeux de l'éthique en matière sportive à travers quatre axes de réflexion : questions fondamentales ; éthique et travail du sportif ; prévention et répression des activités criminelles et à risque ; la promotion de valeurs. Il s'agit de tenter d'expliquer ce "besoin d'éthique", sorte de médiation entre la loi - trop brutale - et la religion - trop peu laïque -, selon Carbonnier, et de répondre à de nombreuses interrogations. Quels sont les domaines, les pratiques, où ce besoin d'éthique se manifeste ? Qui, des pouvoirs sportifs ou des pouvoirs publics, a la charge d'édicter des règles éthiques ? Ces règles constituent-elles un corpus autonome par rapport aux normes juridiques régissant le sport, viennent-elles en complément de ces dernières ? Dans ce cas, sont-elles contraignantes pour les acteurs du monde sportif ? Ou bien l'éthique n'est- elle qu'au fondement, la source d'inspiration des règles de droit destinées à moraliser le sport ? Plus fondamentalement, l'ouvrage tente de répondre aux questions suivantes : A quoi sert l'éthique et quelle image renvoie-t-elle du sport ? S'agit-il de préserver la pureté intrinsèque du sport ou, au contraire, l'éthique serait-elle révélatrice des défauts inhérents au sport avec pour objectif de le rendre plus vertueux ?

Law --- répression --- devoir --- prévention --- règle --- valeur

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"Loyalty and Liberty offers the first comprehensive account of the politics of countersubversion in the United States prior to the McCarthy era. A sweeping study that surveys the loyalty politics of World War I, the antiradicalism of the 1920s and antifascism of the 1930s, and the emerging McCarthyite politics of World War II, this book shows how countersubversive thinking evolved alongside and contributed to the development of the modern federal state. Alex Goodall explores how antiradical crusading was hampered in the 1920s both by constitutional, financial, and political constraints on antisubversion that followed from excesses of political repression during and after World War I and by scandals that plagued the movement and led many to view it as either deluded or malevolent. The 1930s saw a major restructuring within the antiradical community, and New Deal activism encouraged a conservative backlash that began to see the looming threat of communism as lying in Washington, rather than on the margins of American society. Meanwhile, the executive branch created countersubversive machinery capable for the first time of prosecuting an effective war on radical dissent. By the end of World War II, new alliances on the left and right had largely consolidated into the form they would keep during the Cold War: a new anticommunist movement worked to restrain the supposedly dictatorial ambitions of the Roosevelt administration, while New Deal liberals split between supporters of the Popular Front, civil liberties activists, and embryonic Cold Warriors as they struggled to respond to the issues of communist espionage in Washington and communist influence in politics more broadly"--

Political persecution --- Radicalism --- Anti-communist movements --- Political repression --- Repression, Political --- Persecution --- Civil rights --- History --- United States --- Politics and government

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"Opening the enormous metal gate, the guard suddenly took away my blindfold and asked me, tauntingly, if I would recognize my parents. With my eyes hurting from the strange light and anger in my voice, I assured him that I would. Suddenly I was pushed through the gate and the door was slammed behind me. After more than eight years, here I was, finally, out of jail . . . ." In this haunting account, Shahla Talebi remembers her years as a political prisoner in Iran. Talebi, along with her husband, was imprisoned for nearly a decade and tortured, first under the Shah and later by the Islamic Republic. Writing about her own suffering and survival and sharing the stories of her fellow inmates, she details the painful reality of prison life and offers an intimate look at a critical period of social and political transformation in Iran. Somehow through it all—through resistance and resolute hope, passion and creativity—Talebi shows how one survives. Reflecting now on experiences past, she stays true to her memories, honoring the love of her husband and friends lost in these events, to relate how people can hold to moments of love, resilience, and friendship over the dark forces of torture, violence, and hatred. At once deeply personal yet clearly political, part memoir and part meditation, this work brings to heartbreaking clarity how deeply rooted torture and violence can be in our society. More than a passing judgment of guilt on a monolithic "Islamic State," Talebi's writing asks us to reconsider our own responses to both contemporary debates of interrogation techniques and government responsibility and, more simply, to basic acts of cruelty in daily life. She offers a lasting call to us all. "The art of living in prison becomes possible through imagining life in the very presence of death and observing death in the very existence of life. It is living life so vitally and so fully that you are willing, if necessary, to let that very life go, as one would shed chains on the legs. It is embracing, and flying on the wings of death as though it is the bird of freedom."

Women political prisoners --- Political persecution --- Political repression --- Repression, Political --- Persecution --- Civil rights --- Political prisoners --- Women prisoners --- History. --- Talebi, Shahla, --- Iran --- Politics and government --- Talebi, Shahla

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In Freudian Repression, Michael Billig presents an original reformulation of Freud's concept of repression, showing that in his theory of the unconscious he fails to examine how people actually repress shameful thoughts. Drawing on recent insights from discursive psychology, Billig suggests that in learning to speak we also learn what not to say: language is thus both expressive and repressive. He applies this perspective to some of Freud's classic case histories such as 'Dora' and the 'Rat Man' and the great psychologist's own life to show the importance of small words in speech. By focusing on previously overlooked exchanges, even Freud himself can be seen to be repressing. Freudian Repression also offers insights into the debate about recovered memories and the ideological background to psychoanalysis which will guarantee its interdisciplinary appeal to psychologists, language theorists, discourse analysts, students of psychoanalysis, literary studies and sociologists.

Repression (Psychology) --- Psychoanalysis. --- Psychology --- Psychology, Pathological --- Defense mechanisms (Psychology) --- Freud, Sigmund, --- Freud, Sigmund --- Repression (Psychology). --- Psychoanalyse --- Psychoanalytische theorie. --- Psychoanalysis --- Health Sciences --- Psychiatry & Psychology

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Astrid von Pufendorf verfolgt die Spur eines Mannes, dessen Biographie gewissermaßen im Brennpunkt der Weimarer Republik stand: Als Präsident der Preußenklasse versuchte Otto Klepper, die längst überfällige Agrarreform in den Ostprovinzen des Deutschen Reichs durchzusetzen, als parteiloser preußischer Finanzminister kämpfte er im Jahr 1932 mit einer seltenen Zivilcourage gegen die Amtsenthebung der preußischen Regierung durch Reichskanzler von Papen. Dass Klepper dabei scheiterte, ist Teil unserer Geschichte. Auch danach blieb sein Schicksal aufs engste mit der deutschen Zeitgeschichte verbunden: 1933 flüchtete er vor den Nationalsozialisten nach Finnland, seine Emigration führte ihn über China, Spanien, Frankreich bis nach Mexiko. Gerade diese Erfahrungen waren es, die Klepper in seiner Überzeugung bestärkten, dass nach 1945 die junge deutsche Demokratie auf die Mitwirkung einer politischen Elite angewiesen sei. Er wurde einer der Mitbegründer der Frankfurter Allgemeinen Zeitung und scheute nicht die Auseinadersetzung mit den restaurativen Tendenzen in der Bundesrepublik. Dass er kaum noch gehört wurde, war nicht nur die persönliche Tragik vieler deutscher Emigranten, sondern verdeutlicht auch das politische Klima im Nachkriegsdeutschland.

Statesmen --- Finance ministers --- Political persecution --- Klepper, Otto. --- Germany --- Politics and government --- Political repression --- Repression, Political --- Persecution --- Civil rights --- Finance secretaries --- Ministers of finance --- Secretaries of finance --- Cabinet officers --- Weimar Republic, Germany, 1918-1933