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No legal system in the world has aroused as much public interest as Sharia. However, the discourse around Sharia law is largely focussed on its development and the theories, principles and rules that inform it. Less attention has been given to studying the consequences of its operation, particularly in the area of Islamic criminal law. Even fewer studies explore the actual practice of Islamic criminal law in contemporary societies. This book aims to fill these gaps in our understanding of Sharia law in practice. It deals specifically with the consequences of enforcing Islamic criminal law in Pakistan, providing an in-depth and critical analysis of the application of the Islamic law of Qisas and Diyat (retribution and blood money) in the Muslim world today. The empirical evidence adduced more broadly demonstrates the complications of applying traditional Sharia in a modern state.

Blood money (Islamic law) --- Criminal justice, Administration of (Islamic law) --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Islamic law --- Punishment (Islamic law) --- Reparation (Criminal justice) --- Reparation (Islamic law) --- Droit pénal (Droit islamique) --- Justice pénale --- Peines (Droit islamique) --- Prix du sang (Droit islamique) --- Réparation (Droit islamique) --- Réparation (Droit) --- Dīyah (Islamic law) --- Diyat (Islamic law) --- Administration of criminal justice --- Justice, Administration of --- Crime --- Criminal law --- Criminals --- Compensation for victims of crime --- Criminal restitution --- Reparation --- Restitution (Criminal justice) --- Restitution for victims of crime --- Remedies (Law) --- Administration --- Law and legislation --- Droit islamique --- Administration (Droit islamique)

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This is a story of how work gets done. It is also a study of how field service technicians talk about their work and how that talk is instrumental in their success. In his innovative ethnography, Julian E. Orr studies the people who repair photocopiers and shares vignettes from their daily lives. He characterizes their work as a continuous highly skilled improvisation within a triangular relationship of technician, customer, and machine. The work technicians do encompasses elements not contained in the official definition of the job yet vital to its success. Orr's analysis of the way repair people talk about their work reveals that talk is, in fact, a crucial dimension of their practice. Diagnosis happens through a narrative process, the creation of a coherent description of the troubled machine. The descriptions become the basis for technicians' discourse about their experience, and the circulation of stories among the technicians is the principal means by which they stay informed of the developing subtleties of machine behavior. Orr demonstrates that technical knowledge is a socially distributed resource stored and diffused primarily through an oral culture. Based on participant observation with copier repair technicians in the field and strengthened by Orr's own years as a technician, this book explodes numerous myths about technicians and suggests how technical work differs from other kinds of employment.

E-books --- Photocopying machines --- Mechanics --- Ethnology --- Maintenance and repair --- Xerox Corporation --- Customer services. --- United States --- Customer services --- Classical mechanics --- Newtonian mechanics --- Physics --- Dynamics --- Quantum theory --- Photocopiers --- Copying machines --- Maintenance and repair. --- Haloid Xerox, Inc. --- Mechanical engineering --- Business anthropology --- Génie mécanique --- Photocopieurs --- Affaires --- Entretien et réparation --- Aspect anthropologique --- Photocopying machines - United States - Maintenance and repair --- Mechanics - United States --- Ethnology - United States

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Understanding of the molecular basis of DNA damage and its repair has increased dramatically in recent years, and substantial knowledge now exists concerning the products arising from free-radical attack on DNA. Free-radical DNA damage may lead to mutations, cancer, and cell death. Free radicals have various sources, notably ionizing radiation and oxidative stress. In radiotherapy for cancer and with some anticancer drugs, use is made of cell death by excessive DNA damage. The mechanisms leading to products of free-radical attack which have been studied in models and with small double-stranded DNA fragments are discussed in detail, and the basics of the underlying free-radical chemistry are dealt with in separate chapters.

DNA damage --- DNA repair --- Free radicals (Chemistry) --- ADN --- Radicaux libres (Chimie) --- Lésions --- Réparation --- DNA damage. --- Biochemical Processes --- Organic Chemicals --- Genetic Processes --- Inorganic Chemicals --- Chemical Processes --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Biochemical Phenomena --- Genetic Phenomena --- Chemical Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- DNA Repair --- Free Radicals --- DNA Damage --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Genetics --- Cytology --- DNA repair. --- Free radicals (Chemistry). --- Lésions --- Réparation --- EPUB-LIV-FT LIVBIOLO SPRINGER-B --- Deoxyribonucleic acid repair --- Repair, DNA --- Repair mechanisms in DNA --- Damage, DNA --- Life sciences. --- Molecular biology. --- Organic chemistry. --- Oncology. --- Biochemistry. --- Cell biology. --- Life Sciences. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Cell Biology. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Organic Chemistry. --- Radicals (Chemistry) --- Free radical reactions --- Biochemical genetics --- Antimutagens --- Mutation (Biology) --- Cytology. --- Medicine. --- Oncology  . --- Chemistry, Organic. --- Organic chemistry --- Chemistry --- Tumors --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Composition --- Health Workforce --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology