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This book presents in detail the state of knowledge of the distribution, bioavailability, biomagnification, discrimination, fate and sources of chemical pollutants (metals, metalloids, radionuclides and nutrients) in all compartments (atmosphere, water, deposits, biota) of the Baltic environment. Particular components of the Baltic ecosystem are considered as potential monitors of pollutants. Budgets of chemical elements and the ecological status of the Baltic Sea in the past, present and future are presented. Estimates of health risks to man in respect to some toxic metals and radionuclide
Marine pollution --- Metals --- Radioactive pollution of the sea --- Ocean --- Radioactive waste disposal in the ocean --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy --- Environmental aspects
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In the early 1990's, Russian President Boris Yeltsin revealed that for the previous thirty years the Soviet Union had dumped vast amounts of dangerous radioactive waste into rivers and seas in blatant violation of international agreements. The disclosure caused outrage throughout the Western world, particularly since officials from the Soviet Union had denounced environmental pollution by the United States and Britain throughout the cold war. Poison in the Well provides a balanced look at the policy decisions, scientific conflicts, public relations strategies, and the myriad mishaps and subsequent cover-ups that were born out of the dilemma of where to house deadly nuclear materials. Why did scientists and politicians choose the sea for waste disposal? How did negotiations about the uses of the sea change the way scientists, government officials, and ultimately the lay public envisioned the oceans? Jacob Darwin Hamblin traces the development of the issue in Western countries from the end of World War II to the blossoming of the environmental movement in the early 1970's. This is an important book for students and scholars in the history of science who want to explore a striking case study of the conflicts that so often occur at the intersection of science, politics, and international diplomacy.
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This book on Marine Radioactivity sets out to cover most of the aspects of marine radioactivity which have been the focus of scientific study in recent decades. The authors and their reviews divide into topic areas which have defined the field over its history. They cover the suite of natural radioisotopes which have been present in the oceans since their formation and quantitatively dominate the inventory of radioactivity in the oceans. Also addressed are the suite of artificial radionuclides introduced to the oceans as a consequence of the use of the atom for development of nuclear en
Radioactive pollution of the sea. --- Radioactivity --- Radioisotopes. --- Radioactive isotopes --- Radioactive nuclides --- Radionuclides --- Isotopes --- Nuclear engineering --- Radioactive substances --- Radiochemistry --- Radiation monitoring --- Radiation --- Ocean --- Radioactive waste disposal in the ocean --- Measurement. --- Measurement --- Instruments
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This book is a practical guide to the subject of numerical modelling of radioactivity dispersion in the marine environment. Thus, the techniques and numerical procedures required are explained in detail, with the aim of enabling the reader to build a real mathematical model. The book covers basic concepts and techniques, such as solving the advection-diffusion equation in a simple 1D form, as well as the most recent developments (full 3D models for non-conservative radionuclides including chemical reactions and speciation). A chapter is dedicated to the basic hydrodynamic modelling that is always required to simulate the dispersion of tracers in the sea; Eulerian and Lagrangian modelling techniques are also described. A chapter describes sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, the final stage in modelling works. A review on some published radionuclide dispersion models is also included.
Radioactive waste disposal in the ocean --- Radioactive pollution of the sea --- Radioactive pollution --- Mathematical models. --- Environmental aspects --- Environmental radioactivity --- Nuclear pollution --- Radioactivity, Environmental --- Pollution --- Radioactive substances --- Radioecology --- Radioactive waste disposal --- Ocean --- Marine disposal of radioactive wastes --- Oceanic disposal of radioactive wastes
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Most studies of environmental regimes focus on the use of power, the pursuit of rational self-interest, and the influence of scientific knowledge. Lasse Ringius focuses instead on the influence of public ideas and policy entrepreneurs. He shows how transnational coalitions of policy entrepreneurs can build environmental regimes and how global environmental nongovernmental organizations can act as catalysts for regime change. This is the first book-length empirical study of the formation of the global ocean dumping regime in 1972 and its subsequent development, which culminated in the 1993 global ban on the dumping of low-level radioactive waste at sea. Ringius describes the structure within which global ocean dumping policy, particularly policy with regard to the disposal of radioactive waste, is embedded. He also examines the political construction of ocean dumping as a global environmental problem, the role of persuasion and communication in an international setting, and the formation of international public opinion. He does not argue that the influence of ideas alone explains how regimes develop, but claims that it is necessary to understand how actors, interests, and ideas together influence regimes and international environmental policy.
Radioactive waste disposal in the ocean --- Environmental Engineering --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- International cooperation. --- Marine disposal of radioactive wastes --- Oceanic disposal of radioactive wastes --- Ocean --- Radioactive pollution of the sea --- ENVIRONMENT/Environmental Politics & Policy --- SOCIAL SCIENCES/Political Science/General
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Fukushima Accident presents up-to-date information on radioactivity released to the atmosphere and the ocean after the accident on the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant, on the distribution of radionuclides in the world atmosphere and oceans, and their impact on the total environment (man, fauna, and flora). The book will evaluate and discuss the post-Fukushima situation, emphasizing radionuclide impacts on the terrestrial and marine environments, and compare it with the pre-Fukushima sources of radionuclides in the environment. The authors' results, as well as knowledge gathered f
Fukushima nuclear disaster, Japan, 2011. --- Nuclear power plants -- Accidents -- Japan. --- Nuclear power plants -- Japan. --- Radioactive pollution of the atmosphere -- Japan. --- Radioactive pollution of the sea -- Japan. --- Fukushima Nuclear Disaster, Japan, 2011 --- Nuclear power plants --- Radioactive pollution of the atmosphere --- Radioactive pollution of the sea --- Public Health --- Complex Mixtures --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Environment and Public Health --- Health Care --- Radioactive Pollutants --- Environmental Pollution --- Electrical & Computer Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Electrical Engineering --- Accidents --- Fukushima Nuclear Disaster, Japan, 2011. --- Ocean --- Radioactive waste disposal in the ocean --- Air --- Nuclear energy and meteorology --- Radioactive substances --- Fukushima I Nuclear Disaster, Japan, 2011 --- Fukushima II Nuclear Disaster, Japan, 2011 --- Fukushima Accident, Japan, 2011 --- Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster, Japan, 2011 --- Fukushima Daini Nuclear Disaster, Japan, 2011 --- Fukushima Disaster, Japan, 2011 --- Fukushima Nuclear Accident, Japan, 2011 --- Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami, Japan, 2011 --- Radioactive pollution --- Pollution
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“Polar Seas Oceanography” describes a new tool called the Generic Model System for simulations and assessment of potential radioactive spreading in the Arctic regions, through rivers, estuaries, regional seas and the Arctic and Atlantic basin. It considers the present and future potential for spreading of radionuclear pollution from sources, such as from the major Russian processing plants through Siberian rivers as well as from European sources such as the UK Sellafield plant. The book provides support for decision making involving risk prevention, forecasting and readiness for probable crises, alerting and detection, relief and mitigation and damage assessment. The book combines the expertise of professionals from the radionuclear and climate-change sciences.
Electronic books. -- local. --- Marine pollution -- Arctic regions. --- Radioactive pollution of the sea -- Arctic regions. --- Radioactive pollution of the sea --- Geography --- Geology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Geology - General --- Physical Geography --- Mathematical models --- Forecasting --- Marine pollution --- Marine environment pollution --- Marine water pollution --- Ocean pollution --- Offshore water pollution --- Sea pollution --- Seawater --- Pollution --- Earth sciences. --- Oceanography. --- Remote sensing. --- Earth Sciences. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Remote Sensing/Photogrammetry. --- Remote-sensing imagery --- Remote sensing systems --- Remote terrain sensing --- Sensing, Remote --- Terrain sensing, Remote --- Aerial photogrammetry --- Aerospace telemetry --- Detectors --- Space optics --- Oceanography, Physical --- Oceanology --- Physical oceanography --- Thalassography --- Earth sciences --- Marine sciences --- Ocean --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Coastal zone management --- Oceanography --- Water --- Marine resources conservation --- Radioactive waste disposal in the ocean --- Geography. --- Cosmography --- World history
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Marine resources conservation --- Marine pollution --- Environmental law, International --- Hazardous substances --- Radioactive pollution of the sea --- Maritime law --- Law, Politics & Government --- Law, General & Comparative --- Law, Maritime --- Marine law --- Merchant marine --- Merchant ships --- Navigation --- Navigation laws --- Shipping --- International law --- Commercial law --- Law of the sea --- Ocean --- Radioactive waste disposal in the ocean --- Toxic torts --- International environmental law --- Common heritage of mankind (International law) --- Conservation of marine resources --- Marine conservation --- Marine environmental protection --- Marine protection --- Aquatic resources conservation --- Law and legislation --- Transportation
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The advent of the nuclear age in 1945 fundamentally altered the course of human events. The oceans are not the focus of the nuclear age, but the affairs of the oceans are deeply woven into the history of that age. Knowledge of what the nuclear age has meant for the oceans, however, is highly fragmented and there exists a surprising gap in research on the impact of the nuclear age on the oceans and on ocean law and policy. Ranging from dumped wastes to transportation to security, this study frames the complex multidimensional set of relationships between the oceans and the nuclear age and illuminates patterns of impact and response in ocean law.
Radioactive waste disposal in the ocean (International law) --- Radioactive substances --- Nuclear fuels --- Marine pollution --- Hazardous substances --- Law of the sea. --- Spent reactor fuels. --- Security, International. --- Radioactive pollution of the sea --- Déchets radioactifs --- Substances radioactives --- Combustibles nucléaires --- Mer --- Substances dangereuses --- Droit de la mer --- Combustibles nucléaires irradiés --- Sécurité internationale --- Pollution radioactive de la mer --- Transportation (International law) --- Law and legislation. --- Elimination --- Transport --- Droit international --- Droit --- Pollution --- Radioactive waste disposal in the ocean (International law). --- Transportation (International law). --- Déchets radioactifs --- Combustibles nucléaires --- Combustibles nucléaires irradiés --- Sécurité internationale --- Reactor fuel reprocessing --- High seas, Jurisdiction over --- Marine law --- Ocean --- Ocean law --- Sea, Law of the --- International law --- Maritime law --- Territorial waters --- Collective security --- International security --- International relations --- Disarmament --- International organization --- Peace --- Toxic torts --- Environmental law --- Law and legislation
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