Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Popular culture assumes that women are born to shop and that cities invite their trade. But downtowns were not always welcoming to women. Emily Remus turns to Chicago at the turn of the last century to chronicle an unheralded revolution in women's rights that took place not at the ballot box but in the streets and stores of the business district.

Women consumers --- Shopping --- Purchasing power --- Retail trade --- History. --- History. --- History. --- History. --- Loop (Chicago, Ill.) --- Chicago (Ill.) --- History. --- Economic conditions.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

"How much does it cost?" We think of this question as one that preoccupies the nation's shoppers, not its statesmen. But, as Pocketbook Politics dramatically shows, the twentieth-century American polity in fact developed in response to that very consumer concern. In this groundbreaking study, Meg Jacobs demonstrates how pocketbook politics provided the engine for American political conflict throughout the twentieth century. From Woodrow Wilson to Franklin Roosevelt to Richard Nixon, national politics turned on public anger over the high cost of living. Beginning with the explosion of prices at the turn of the century, every strike, demonstration, and boycott was, in effect, a protest against rising prices and inadequate income. On one side, a reform coalition of ordinary Americans, mass retailers, and national politicians fought for laws and policies that promoted militant unionism, government price controls, and a Keynesian program of full employment. On the other, small businessmen fiercely resisted this low-price, high-wage agenda that threatened to bankrupt them. This book recaptures this dramatic struggle, beginning with the immigrant Jewish, Irish, and Italian women who flocked to Edward Filene's famous Boston bargain basement that opened in 1909 and ending with the Great Inflation of the 1970's. Pocketbook Politics offers a new interpretation of state power by integrating popular politics and elite policymaking. Unlike most social historians who focus exclusively on consumers at the grass-roots, Jacobs breaks new methodological ground by insisting on the centrality of national politics and the state in the nearly century-long fight to fulfill the American Dream of abundance.

Income distribution --- Purchasing power --- Consumption (Economics) --- Consumer demand --- Consumer spending --- Consumerism --- Spending, Consumer --- Demand (Economic theory) --- Current purchasing power --- Currency question --- Money --- Prices --- Cost and standard of living --- Income --- Money illusion --- Distribution of income --- Income inequality --- Inequality of income --- Distribution (Economic theory) --- Disposable income --- History --- United States --- Politics and government --- Economic conditions --- Consumption (Economics) -- United States -- History -- 20th century. --- Income distribution -- United States -- History -- 20th century. --- Purchasing power -- United States -- History -- 20th century. --- United States -- Economic conditions -- 20th century. --- United States -- Politics and government -- 20th century. --- Revenu --- Pouvoir d'achat --- Consommation (Economie politique) --- Répartition --- Histoire --- Etats-Unis --- Politique et gouvernement --- Conditions économiques

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

These essays, though formally independent, nevertheless constitute a whole, each one preparing the way for the succeeding chapter.

Business cycles. --- Economics, Mathematical. --- Income. --- Monopolies. --- Combinations in restraint of trade --- Commercial corners --- Corners, Commercial --- Engrossing --- Forestalling --- Family income --- Fortunes --- Household income --- Personal income --- Economics --- Mathematical economics --- Economic cycles --- Economic fluctuations --- Mathematics --- Commercial crimes --- Trade regulation --- Competition --- Monopolistic competition --- Monopsonies --- Restraint of trade --- Trusts, Industrial --- Finance --- Property --- Wealth --- Gross national product --- Profit --- Purchasing power --- Econometrics --- Cycles --- Methodology

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Lard, Lice and Longevity reconstructs economic policies implemented in Denmark and the Netherlands during the German occupation. It clearly shows that the experiences of both these countries during World War I, and during the 1930s equipped them to introduce extensive and intrusive economic controls to ward off a subsistence crisis. In spite of the strong similarities between the two countries in terms of policies and economic order, there remains a glaring difference between the two. Throughout the occupation years, the Netherlands suffered a markedly higher level of child mortality than before or after the war, caused by an upsurge of infectious diseases. Child health in Denmark, on the other hand, declined during the occupation years, and infectious diseases rose only marginally there. In spite of similar policies, hence, the outcome in terms of the biological standard of living was dissimilar. By closely investigating the impact of various policies on everyday life, and the amounts of goods available to different groups of consumers, this study identifies the causes of this remarkable divergence.

Cost and standard of living --- World War, 1939-1945 --- Denmark --- Netherlands --- Economic conditions --- Comfort, Standard of --- Cost of living --- Food, Cost of --- Household expenses --- Living, Cost of --- Living, Standard of --- Standard of living --- Consumption (Economics) --- Home economics --- Households --- Quality of life --- Wealth --- Luxury --- Prices --- Purchasing power --- Wages --- Surveys

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Part One of this book deals with the theory of how money is created and destroyed. Essential principles are illustrated by considering various models of banking systems. Part Two provides an account of the modern theory of income and employment.

* Theory backed up with examples of the simplest to the most complicated models, for example:
* The model of ""a closed economy without a government"" to one in which government expenditure and revenue affect the level of national income
* The model in which the rate of interest and quantity of money have no effect and the model in which t

Money. --- Banks and banking. --- Income. --- Agricultural banks --- Banking --- Banking industry --- Commercial banks --- Depository institutions --- Currency --- Monetary question --- Money, Primitive --- Specie --- Standard of value --- Family income --- Fortunes --- Household income --- Personal income --- Finance --- Financial institutions --- Money --- Exchange --- Value --- Banks and banking --- Coinage --- Currency question --- Gold --- Silver --- Silver question --- Wealth --- Economics --- Property --- Gross national product --- Profit --- Purchasing power