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Ralph Gomory and William Baumol adapt classical trade models to the modern world economy.In this book Ralph Gomory and William Baumol adapt classical trade models to the modern world economy. Trade today is dominated by manufactured goods, rapidly moving technology, and huge firms that benefit from economies of scale. This is very different from the largely agricultural world in which the classical theories originated. Gomory and Baumol show that the new and significant conflicts resulting from international trade are inherent in modern economies.Today improvement in one country's productive capabilities is often attainable only at the expense of another country's general welfare. The authors describe why and when this is so and why, in a modern free-trade environment, a country might have a vital stake in the competitive strength of its industries.
Foreign trade policy --- Free trade. --- Protectionism. --- International trade. --- AA / International- internationaal --- 382.11 --- 382.30 --- Theorie van het internationale evenwicht. Economische onafhankelijkheid van een natie. Globalisering. Mondialisering. --- Handels- en wisselpolitiek in hun verband met de buitenlandse handel: algemeenheden. --- Free trade --- International trade --- Protectionism --- Free trade and protection --- Commercial policy --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- Trade, International --- World trade --- Commerce --- International economic relations --- Non-traded goods --- Trade, Free --- Trade liberalization --- Theorie van het internationale evenwicht. Economische onafhankelijkheid van een natie. Globalisering. Mondialisering --- Handels- en wisselpolitiek in hun verband met de buitenlandse handel: algemeenheden --- Commerce international --- Libre-échange --- Protectionnisme --- ECONOMICS/Trade & Development --- ECONOMICS/Political Economy
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Andrew Wedemen argues that China succeeded in moving from a Maoist command economy to a market economy because the central government failed to prevent local governments from forcing prices to market levels. Having partially decontrolled the economy in the early 1980s, economic reformers baulked at price reform, opting instead for a hybrid system wherein commodities had two prices, one fixed and one floating. Depressed fixed prices led to 'resource wars', as localities battled each other for control over undervalued commodities while inflated consumer goods prices fuelled a headlong investment boom that saturated markets and led to the erection of import barriers. Although local rent seeking and protectionism appeared to carve up the economy, in reality they had not only pushed prices to market levels and cleared the way for sweeping reforms in the 1980s, they had also pushed China past the 'pitfalls' of reform that entrapped other socialist economies.
Protectionism --- Free trade and protection --- Commercial policy --- China --- Economic policy --- S10/0250 --- S10/0251 --- S10/0585 --- S10/0640 --- S10/0641 --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--General works and economic history: 1976 - 1989 --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--General works and economic history: since 1989 --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--Marketing (including consumption) --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--Foreign trade and economic relations: 1976 - 1989 --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--Foreign trade and economic relations: since 1989 --- Protectionnisme --- Chine --- Politique économique --- Social Sciences --- Political Science
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Since the end of the second world war the economic gap between rich and poor countries has steadily widened. Trade, Growth and Development examines this disparity and assesses the reasons why some developing countries have been more successful than others. The book is divided into four parts: Part I examines recent developments in the theory of trade, growth and economic development; Parts II to IV present an empirical analysis of policy and performance in Latin America, Asia and Africa. As well as offering an analysis of traditional economic factors the book also emphasises the role
Economic growth --- Economic conditions. Economic development --- Foreign trade. International trade --- Buitenlandse handel --- Commerce extérieur --- Commerce extérieur international --- Commerce international --- Commerce mondial --- Développement économique --- Economic development --- Economische ontwikkeling --- External trade --- Foreign commerce --- Foreign trade --- Free trade --- Free trade -- Protection --- Free trade and protection --- Global commerce --- Global trade --- International trade --- Internationale handel --- Libre circulation des marchandises --- Libre échange et protectionnisme --- Libre-échange --- Libre-échange -- Protection --- Libre-échange et protectionnisme --- Libre-échangisme --- Libéralisation des échanges --- Libération des échanges --- Trade [Free ] --- Trade liberalization --- Vrijhandel --- Vrijhandel -- Bescherming --- Vrijhandel en protectionisme --- World trade --- Échanges commerciaux internationaux --- Échanges internationaux --- International trade. --- Free trade. --- Economic development. --- Srinivasan, T. N., --- Developing countries --- Pays en développement --- Commercial policy. --- Politique commerciale --- Srinivasan, T. N. --- Commercial policy --- Libre-échange --- Développement économique --- Pays en développement --- Srinivasan, T.N. --- Commerce --- Economic conditions --- Emerging nations --- Fourth World --- Global South --- LDC's --- Least developed countries --- Less developed countries --- Newly industrialized countries --- Newly industrializing countries --- NICs (Newly industrialized countries) --- Third World --- Underdeveloped areas --- Underdeveloped countries --- Srinivasan, Thirukodikaval Nilakanta, --- Developing countries - Commercial policy --- Congresses.
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Edited by Ana María Martirena-Mantel, this volume, published in Spanish and English, contains the papers presented at a seminar sponsored jointly by the IMF and the Instituto Torcuato di Tella of Argentina. The seminar was held in Don Torcuato, near Buenos Aires. The volume consists of six papers, commentaries, and an overview by the editor, who also acted as moderator at the seminar.
Foreign trade policy --- Economic growth --- National savings --- International finance --- Latin America --- LAM / Latin America - Latijns Amerika - Amérique Latine --- 338.340 --- 339.115 --- 338.8 --- 338.341.1 --- 339.311.0 --- Papers presented at a seminar held in Buenos Aires on October 13-16, 1986. --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld. --- Buitenlandse schuld. Debt Equity Swap in LDC. --- Economische groei. --- Financiële hulp aan de Derde Wereld. --- Sparen: algemeenheden. --- politique economique --- economie de marche libre --- Commercial policy --- protectionnisme --- Free trade --- Protectionism --- 330.05 --- 382.7 --- Free trade and protection --- Trade, Free --- Trade liberalization --- International trade --- International trade policy --- Trade policy --- Economic policy --- International economic relations --- economisch beleid --- vrije markteconomie --- protectionisme --- Government policy --- Debts, External --- Saving and investment --- Political Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Public Finance --- Congresses --- 339.727.2 --- 330.35 --- -Free trade --- -Accumulation, Capital --- Capital accumulation --- Capital formation --- Investment and saving --- Saving and thrift --- Capital --- Supply-side economics --- Wealth --- Investments --- Debts, Foreign --- Debts, International --- External debts --- Foreign debts --- International debts --- Debt --- Investments, Foreign --- Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse leningen. Buitenlandse kredieten. Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse investeringen. Kapitaalinvoer. Kapitaaluitvoer. Kapitaalvlucht --- Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09} --- Asociación Latinoamericana de Libre Comercio countries --- Neotropical region --- Neotropics --- New World tropics --- Spanish America --- -Congresses. --- 339.54 --- AA* / International - Internationaal --- LDC / Developping Countries - Pays En Développement --- 331.31 --- 382.32 --- 382.33 --- Buitenlandse economische politiek. Buitenlandse handelspolitiek. Instrumentarium van de buitenlandse handel --- Economisch beleid. --- Protectionisme. --- Vrijhandel. --- Working papers --- Commercial policy. --- Free trade. --- Protectionism. --- Congresses. --- -Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse leningen. Buitenlandse kredieten. Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse investeringen. Kapitaalinvoer. Kapitaaluitvoer. Kapitaalvlucht --- 339.54 Buitenlandse economische politiek. Buitenlandse handelspolitiek. Instrumentarium van de buitenlandse handel --- 330.35 Economische groei. Kwantitatieve toename. Technische vooruitgang --zie ook {338.09} --- 339.727.2 Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse leningen. Buitenlandse kredieten. Internationale kapitaalbeweging. Buitenlandse investeringen. Kapitaalinvoer. Kapitaaluitvoer. Kapitaalvlucht --- -Free trade and protection --- Accumulation, Capital --- E-books --- Economisch beleid --- Protectionisme --- Vrijhandel --- Papers presented at a seminar held in Buenos Aires on October 13-16, 1986 --- Algemene ontwikkeling in de Derde Wereld --- Buitenlandse schuld. Debt Equity Swap in LDC --- Economische groei --- Financiële hulp aan de Derde Wereld --- Sparen: algemeenheden --- -Congresses --- Banks and Banking --- Exports and Imports --- Inflation --- Taxation --- Trade: General --- International Lending and Debt Problems --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Trade Policy --- International Trade Organizations --- Interest Rates: Determination, Term Structure, and Effects --- International economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Macroeconomics --- Finance --- Currency --- Foreign exchange --- Government debt management --- Exports --- Imports --- Real interest rates --- Tariffs --- Debt service --- External debt --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Taxes --- Debts, Public --- Prices --- Brazil
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During the first three decades following the Second World War, an increasingly open international trading system led to unprecedented economic growth throughout the world. But in recent years, that openness has been threatened by increased protectionism, regional trading arrangements-Europe 1992 and the U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement-and setbacks in negotiations on the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. In Trade and Protectionism, American and East Asian scholars consider the dangers of this trend for the world economy and especially for East Asian countries. The authors look at the current global trading system and at the potential threats to East Asian economies from possible regional arrangements, such as separate trading blocks in the Western Hemisphere and Europe. They cover trade between the United States and Japan, Korea and Japan, and Japanese-East Asian trade policies; trade in agriculture and semiconductors and the frictions that have jeopardized this trade; and direct foreign investment. The contributors round out the work with discussions of the political economy of protection in Korea and Taiwan and political economy considerations as they affect trade policy in general. This is the second volume of the National Bureau of Economic Research-East Asia Seminar on Economics. The first volume, The Political Economy of Tax Reform, also edited by Takatoshi Ito and Anne O. Krueger, addresses tax reform in the global economy.
Foreign trade policy --- Asia --- Protectionism --- Foreign trade --- Protectionnisme --- Commerce extérieur --- Congresses. --- Congrès --- East Asia --- United States --- Asie du Nord-Est --- Etats-Unis --- Extrême-Orient --- Foreign economic relations --- Commercial policy --- Relations économiques extérieures --- Politique commerciale --- AA / International- internationaal --- ASI / Asia - Azië - Asie --- US / United States of America - USA - Verenigde Staten - Etats Unis --- 382.30 --- 382.32 --- Handels- en wisselpolitiek in hun verband met de buitenlandse handel: algemeenheden. --- Protectionisme. --- International trade. --- Commerce extérieur --- Congrès --- Extrême-Orient --- Relations économiques extérieures --- Free trade and protection --- U.S.A. --- Jungtinės Amerikos valstybės --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si︠e︡vernoĭ Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Severnoĭ Ameriki --- Si︠e︡vero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Severo-Amerikanskie Soedinennye Shtaty --- Zlucheni Derz︠h︡avy --- USA --- US --- Arhab --- Ar. ha-B. --- Artsot ha-Berit --- ولايات المتحدة الامريكية --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amirīkīyah --- ABSh --- Amerika Birlăshmish Shtatlary --- ABŞ --- Amerika Birlăşmi Ştatları --- Forente stater --- Spojené staty americké --- Severo-Amerikanskie Shtaty --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Zʹi︠e︡dnani Derz︠h︡avy Ameryky --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Yhdysvallat --- Verenigde Staten --- Egyesült Államok --- Hiwsisayin Amerikayi Miatsʻeal Tērutʻiwnkʻ --- Estados Unidos de América --- United States of America --- Fareyniḳṭe Shṭaṭn --- Artzois Ha'bris --- Estados Unidos da América do Norte --- SShA --- Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki --- VSA --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Estados Unidos --- EE.UU. --- Stany Zjednoczone --- ĒPA --- Amerika Qūrama Shtattary --- Amerika Qŭshma Shtatlari --- SAD --- Saharat ʻAmērikā --- Hēnomenai Politeiai Amerikēs --- ZSA --- Mei-kuo --- Meiguo --- Mei guo --- ZDA --- Združene države Amerike --- U.S. --- America (Republic) --- Amirika Carékat --- Verenigde State van Amerika --- VS --- ولايات المتحدة --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah --- ولايات المتّحدة الأمريكيّة --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah --- Estatos Unitos --- Estatos Unitos d'America --- Ètats-Unis d'Amèrica --- Estaos Xuníos d'América --- Estaos Xuníos --- Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua --- Istadus Unidus --- Amerika Birlăşmiş Ştatları --- Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw --- Bí-kok --- Amerika Qushma Shtattary --- AQSh --- Злучаныя Штаты Амерыкі --- Zluchanyi︠a︡ Shtaty Ameryki --- Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika --- Yunaeted Stet --- Vaeinigte Staatn --- Vaeinigte Staatn vo Amerika --- Stadoù-Unanet Amerika --- Sŭedineni amerikanski shtati --- САЩ --- SASht --- Съединените щати --- Sŭedinenite shtati --- Америка (Republic) --- Amerika (Republic) --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Америкӑри Пӗрлешӳллӗ Штатсем --- Amerikări Pĕrleshu̇llĕ Shtatsem --- Stati Uniti --- SUA (Stati Uniti d'America) --- Unol Daleithiau America --- Unol Daleithiau --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- Vereinigte Staaten --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí --- Zjadnośone staty Ameriki --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- Η.Π.Α. --- Ē.P.A. --- Usono --- Unuiĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Ameriko --- Американь Вейтьсэндявкс Штаттнэ --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi︠a︡vks Shtattnė --- Ameriketako Estatu Batuak --- Feriene Steaten --- Feriene Steaten fan Amearika --- FS --- Stâts Unîts di Americhe --- Stâts Unîts --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Steatyn Unnaneysit America --- Steatyn Unnaneysit --- S.U.A. --- Na Stàitean Aonaichte --- NSA --- Mî-koet --- 미국 --- Miguk --- Amerikayi Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Asia, East --- Asia, Eastern --- East (Far East) --- Eastern Asia --- Far East --- Orient --- Handels- en wisselpolitiek in hun verband met de buitenlandse handel: algemeenheden --- Protectionisme --- Американь Вейтьсэндявкс Штаттнэ --- Spojené obce severoamerické --- États-Unis --- É.-U. --- ÉU --- trade, trading, economics, economy, money, finances, wealth, protectionism, 20th century, international, internationalism, systems, economic growth, relational arrangements, europe, united states of america, canada, agreement, negotiations, tariffs, east asia, globalization, western hemisphere, eastern world, japan, korea, agriculture, semiconductors, foreign investments, political, politics, relations, engagements, global, commercial policy, equity, governments.
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