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Maintenance of the information embedded in the genomic DNA sequence is essential for life. DNA polymerases play pivotal roles in the complex physiological processes of DNA replication and repair. Besides the tasks in vivo, DNA polymerases are the workhorses in numerous biotechniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cDNA cloning, genome sequencing, nucleic acids-based diagnostics, as well as techniques to analyze ancient and otherwise damaged DNA. The authors have recently witnessed the discovery of a plethora of novel DNA polymerases with specialized properties whose physiological func
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This book, written by expert scientists in the field, analyses how these diverse fields of research interact on a specific example - RNA polymerase.
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Tetrahymena. --- Telomerase. --- DNA polymerases --- Tetrahymenidae
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Protein Transcription is a key element of cellular and organ regulation. This volume covers structure and function of all major elements associated with transcription.*Mechanism of RNA polymerase I Transcription*Structure and function of RNA Polymerase II*Structure and function of the TFIID complex*Functional properties of Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes*Posttranslational modification
Genetic transcription --- Eukaryotic cells. --- RNA polymerases. --- Transcription factors. --- Histones. --- Regulation. --- Basic proteins --- Chromatin --- Nucleoproteins --- Genetic transcription factors --- Proteins --- DNA-dependent RNA polymerases --- DNA-directed RNA polymerases --- Polymerases, RNA --- Ribonucleate nucleotidyltransferases --- RNA nucleotidyltransferases --- Transferases --- Eucaryotic cells --- Cells --- Protista --- Genetic regulation
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Polymerase chain reaction. --- Chain reaction, Polymerase --- PCR (Biochemistry) --- Polymerization --- DNA polymerases
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Polymerase chain reaction --- Methodology. --- Chain reaction, Polymerase --- PCR (Biochemistry) --- Polymerization --- DNA polymerases
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This book is intended to present current concepts in molecular biology with the emphasis on the application to animal, plant and human pathology, in various aspects such as etiology, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and prevention of diseases as well as the use of these methodologies in understanding the pathophysiology of various diseases that affect living beings.
Polymerase chain reaction. --- Chain reaction, Polymerase --- PCR (Biochemistry) --- Polymerization --- DNA polymerases --- Biochemistry
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One of the distinguishing features of plants is the presence of membrane-bound organelles called plastids. Starting from proplastids (undifferentiated plastids) they readily develop into specialised types, which are involved in a range of cellular functions such as photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation, biosynthesis of sucrose, starch, chlorophyll, carotenoids, fatty acids, amino acids, and secondary metabolites as well as a number of metabolic reactions. The central role of plastids in many aspects of plant cell biology means an in-depth understanding is key for a holistic view of plant physiology. Despite the vast amount of research, the molecular details of many aspects of plastid biology remains limited. Plastids possess their own high-copy number genome known as the plastome. Manipulation of the plastid genome has been developed as an alternative way to developing transgenic plants for various biotechnological applications. High-copy number of the plastome, site-specific integration of transgenes through homologous recombination, and potential to express proteins at high levels (>70% of total soluble proteins has been reported in some cases) are some of the technologies being developed. Additionally, plastids are inherited maternally, providing a natural gene containment system, and do not follow Mendelian laws of inheritance, allowing each individual member of the progeny of a transplastomic line to uniformly express transgene(s). Both algal and higher plant chloroplast transformation has been demonstrated, and with the ability to be propagated either in bioreactors or in the field, both systems are well suited for scale up of production. The manipulation of chloroplast genes is also essential for many approaches that attempt to increase biomass accumulation or re-routing metabolic pathways for biofortification, food and fuel production. This includes metabolic engineering for lipid production, adapting the light harvesting apparatus to improve solar conversion efficiencies and engineering means of suppressing photorespiration in crop species, which range from the introduction of artificial carbon concentrating mechanisms, or those pre-existing elsewhere in nature, to bypassing ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase entirely. The purpose of this eBook is to provide a compilation of the latest research on various aspects of plastid biology including basic biology, biopharming, metabolic engineering, bio-fortification, stress physiology, and biofuel production.One of the distinguishing features of plants is the presence of membrane-bound organelles called plastids. Starting from proplastids (undifferentiated plastids) they readily develop into specialised types, which are involved in a range of cellular functions such as photosynthesis, nitrogen assimilation, biosynthesis of sucrose, starch, chlorophyll, carotenoids, fatty acids, amino acids, and secondary metabolites as well as a number of metabolic reactions. The central role of plastids in many aspects of plant cell biology means an in-depth understanding is key for a holistic view of plant physiology. Despite the vast amount of research, the molecular details of many aspects of plastid biology remains limited. Plastids possess their own high-copy number genome known as the plastome. Manipulation of the plastid genome has been developed as an alternative way to developing transgenic plants for various biotechnological applications. High-copy number of the plastome, site-specific integration of transgenes through homologous recombination, and potential to express proteins at high levels (>70% of total soluble proteins has been reported in some cases) are some of the technologies being developed. Additionally, plastids are inherited maternally, providing a natural gene containment system, and do not follow Mendelian laws of inheritance, allowing each individual member of the progeny of a transplastomic line to uniformly express transgene(s). Both algal and higher plant chloroplast transformation has been demonstrated, and with the ability to be propagated either in bioreactors or in the field, both systems are well suited for scale up of production. The manipulation of chloroplast genes is also essential for many approaches that attempt to increase biomass accumulation or re-routing metabolic pathways for biofortification, food and fuel production. This includes metabolic engineering for lipid production, adapting the light harvesting apparatus to improve solar conversion efficiencies and engineering means of suppressing photorespiration in crop species, which range from the introduction of artificial carbon concentrating mechanisms, or those pre-existing elsewhere in nature, to bypassing ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase entirely. The purpose of this eBook is to provide a compilation of the latest research on various aspects of plastid biology including basic biology, biopharming, metabolic engineering, bio-fortification, stress physiology, and biofuel production.
plastid transformation --- Metabolic Engineering --- plastid division --- Plastid development --- biopharming --- retrograde signalling --- plastid polymerases --- Plastid biogenesis --- Plastids --- Plastid replication
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PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technology has become an indispensable component of routine veterinary diagnostics. However, a number of pitfalls and limiting factors affect its sensitivity and specificity of detection. It is imperative that veterinary PCR diagnosticians include such considerations in their work. Extensive experience with PCR technology in both research and diagnostic applications enables researchers to pinpoint these practical limitations, and therefore instruct the user in approaches that avoid these common errors.This E-book discusses the basic concepts, chemistries, and in
Polymerase chain reaction --- Polymerase chain reaction. --- DNA probes. --- Microorganisms --- Deoxyribonucleic acid probes --- Gene probes --- Genomic probes --- Probes, DNA --- Deoxyribonucleotides --- Nucleic acid probes --- Chain reaction, Polymerase --- PCR (Biochemistry) --- Polymerization --- DNA polymerases --- Molecular diagnosis --- Diagnostic use.
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