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Applied biocatalysis and biotransformation, that is, the use of enzymes and whole-cell systems in manufacturing processes for synthetic purposes, has been experiencing a clear boom in recent years, which has led to the start of the so-called “fourth wave”. In fact, the latest advances in bioinformatics, system biology, process intensification, and, in particular, enzyme-directed evolution (encouraged by the 2018 Nobel Prize awarded to F. Arnold), are widening the range of the efficacy of biocatalysts and accelerating the rate at which new enzymes are becoming available, even for activities not previously known. European scientists have been very actively involved in different aspects of this field. Nine contributions dealing with different aspects of applied biocatalysis developed by European researchers are gathered in this Special Issue

biocatalysis --- glycosidases --- isomerases --- Pichia pastoris --- sweeteners --- rare sugars --- cheese whey --- sustainable chemistry --- penicillin acylase --- aculeacin acylase --- N-acyl-homoserine lactone acylases --- quorum quenching --- biofouling --- estolides --- castor oil --- lipase --- candida antarctica lipase A --- Arabidopsis thaliana --- hydroxynitrile lyase --- oxynitrilase --- His-tag --- immobilization --- batch --- continuous flow --- Geobacillus thermocatenolatus --- lipases --- ethanolysis --- ionic liquids --- kinetic resolution --- mandelic acid --- Aspergillus --- fermentation --- filamentous fungi --- genetic engineering --- heterologous expression --- recombinant protein --- secretion --- transcriptional regulation --- n/a --- Halohydrin dehalogenases --- conformational dynamics --- active site tunnels --- molecular dynamics simulations --- omega-3 ethyl esters --- monkfish liver oil --- COSMO-RS --- fungal resting cells --- selectivity --- ketone body ester --- asymmetric synthesis --- configuration inversion

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This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Promising Detoxification Strategies to Mitigate Mycotoxins in Food and Feed that was published in Toxins

Trichoderma --- n/a --- photodegradation product --- physical decontamination --- growth performance --- toxigenic Fusarium --- curcumin --- mitigation --- Aspergillus flavus --- food and beverage --- ascladiol --- biological control --- antioxidant capability --- trichothecene --- bioprospecting --- turkey --- processing --- chicks --- Sporobolomyces sp. IAM 13481 --- mycotoxins --- epimer --- Tri101 --- enzymes --- neutral electrolyzed water --- antioxidant function --- purification --- ameliorating effects --- aflatoxin-degrading enzyme --- chemical decontamination --- desoxypatulinic acid --- furan rings --- maize --- atmospheric pressure --- biotransformation --- estrogen receptor (ER) --- oxidative stress --- decontamination --- Bacillus shackletonii --- hyssop --- DBD --- degradation --- TQEF-MS/MS --- CYP450 --- enzymatic detoxification --- low temperature plasma --- Fusarium --- AFBO–DNA --- modified mycotoxin --- Bacillus subtilis ANSB060 --- polarity --- thermal treatment --- serum hormones --- mycotoxins mitigation --- mycotoxin --- zearalenone (ZEA) --- cell viability --- detoxification --- patulin --- biodegradation --- interactions --- intracellular and extracellular enzymes --- Bacillus licheniformis CK1 --- deoxynivalenol --- aflatoxins --- aflatoxin B1 --- biological decontamination --- Corylus avellana --- molecular --- Pichia caribbica --- mild technologies --- microbial patulin degradation --- enzyme --- proteomics --- fatty acids --- spores of Ganoderma lucidum --- inhibition --- residue --- food safety --- cold atmospheric pressure plasma technology --- application --- post-weaning female piglets --- laccase --- aflatoxin biodegradation preparation --- Aflatoxin B1 --- microorganism identification --- AFBO-DNA

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Yeasts are truly fascinating microorganisms. Due to their diverse and dynamic activities, they have been used for the production of many interesting products, such as beer, wine, bread, biofuels and biopharmaceuticals. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (bakers’ yeast) is the yeast species that is surely the most exploited by man. Saccharomyces is a top choice organism for industrial applications, although its use for producing beer dates back to at least the 6th millennium BC. Bakers’ yeast has been a cornerstone of modern biotechnology, enabling the development of efficient production processes for antibiotics, biopharmaceuticals, technical enzymes, and ethanol and biofuels. Today, diverse yeast species are explored for industrial applications, such as e.g. Saccharomyces species, Pichia pastoris and other Pichia species, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Hansenula polymorpha, Yarrowia lipolytica, Candida species, Phaffia rhodozyma, wild yeasts for beer brewing, etc. This Special Issue is focused on recent developments of yeast biotechnology with topics including recent techniques for characterizing yeast and their physiology (including omics and nanobiotechnology techniques), methods to adapt industrial strains (including metabolic, synthetic and evolutionary engineering) and the use of yeasts as microbial cell factories to produce biopharmaceuticals, enzymes, alcohols, organic acids, flavours and fine chemicals, and advances in yeast fermentation technology and industrial fermentation processes.

coffee processing --- coffee fermentation --- starter culture --- coffee beverage --- yeast --- Icewine --- Saccharomyces cerevisiae --- hyperosmotic stress --- CRISPR-Cas9 --- glycerol transport --- STL1 --- brewing --- Cyberlindnera --- NABLAB --- non-alcoholic beer --- non-conventional yeast --- non-Saccharomyces yeast --- response surface methodology --- Ustilago --- itaconic acid --- process improvement --- lignocellulosic feedstock --- yeasts --- grape --- federweisser --- wine --- microbiota identification --- MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper --- Torulaspora delbrueckii --- craft beer --- microbrewery plant --- mixed fermentation --- aroma profile --- strain collection --- aroma profiling --- gas chromatography --- wine yeast --- Saccharomyces --- fermentation --- volatile aroma compounds --- Simultaneous inoculation --- Alcoholic fermentation --- Malolactic fermentation --- Sacccharomyces cerevisiae --- Oenococcus oeni --- PN4TM --- OmegaTM --- Aroma profile --- antioxidant --- coffee --- W. anomalus --- industrial brewer’s strains --- adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) --- snowflake phenotype --- beer fermentation --- wine yeasts --- lactic acid bacteria --- co-inoculation --- sequence inoculation --- flavor compounds --- color pigments --- cell printing --- piezoelectric dispensing --- GFP-tagged yeast clone collection --- living cell microarrays --- microfluidic chip --- dynamic single-cell analysis --- Candida albicans --- adhesion --- fibronectin --- nanomotion --- atomic force microscope (AFM) --- xylose metabolism --- genetic engineering --- biofuel --- Spathaspora passalidarum --- Pichia stipitis --- volatile organic compounds --- proton-transfer reaction-mass spectrometry --- Metschnikowia pulcherrima --- flavor --- non-Saccharomyces yeasts --- fermentation-derived products --- fermented beverages --- beer --- coffee bean fermentation --- itaconic acid production --- bioethanol production --- bioreactors --- yeast micro- and nanobiotechnology