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The Origins of Self explores the role that selfhood plays in defining human society, and each human individual in that society. It considers the genetic and cultural origins of self, the role that self plays in socialisation and language, and the types of self we generate in our individual journeys to and through adulthood.Edwardes argues that other awareness is a relatively early evolutionary development, present throughout the primate clade and perhaps beyond, but self-awareness is a product of the sharing of social models, something only humans appear to do. The self of which we are aware is not something innate within us, it is a model of our self produced as a response to the models of us offered to us by other people. Edwardes proposes that human construction of selfhood involves seven different types of self. All but one of them are internally generated models, and the only non-model, the actual self, is completely hidden from conscious awareness. We rely on others to tell us about our self, and even to let us know we are a self.

Philosophy of language

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Boris Kment takes a new approach to the study of modality that emphasises the origin of modal notions in everyday thought. He argues that the concepts of necessity and possibility originate in counterfactual reasoning, which allows us to investigate explanatory connections. Contrary to accepted views, explanation is more fundamental than modality.

Modality (Linguistics) --- Linguistics --- Philosophy of language

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The works address, from different perspectives, the category of subject as a crucial category of contemporary thought. The scope of concerns is wide: the perspective of the American philosopher S. Cavell who makes a very original reception of the heritage of Austin and Wittgenstein; Sartre's phenomenological perspective in dialogue and conflict with that of Lacanian psychoanalysis and the reconceptualisations of ideology made by Louis Althusser; the constitution of the subject in tension between the subjection to power and the possibilities of resistance according to the perspective of Judith Butler; a rereading of the implication of structure and subject in the structural perspective opened by Saussure and continued by Lévi-Strauss, Benveniste and Lacan, subject that receives a treatment circumscribed to the thought of the Argentine Ernesto Laclau, in which different stages are distinguished; the implications that the fundamental events of the history of the 20th century bring for a conceptualization of subjectivity in the perspective of Theodor Adorno and the limitations that the conceptualization of the work of art as a game in Gadamer's work imposes on the modern conception of the subjectivity.

language --- filosofía --- philosophy --- philosophy of language

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Philosophy of Linguistics investigates the foundational concepts and methods of linguistics, the scientific study of human language. This groundbreaking collection, the most thorough treatment of the philosophy of linguistics ever published, brings together philosophers, scientists and historians to map out both the foundational assumptions set during the second half of the last century and the unfolding shifts in perspective in which more functionalist perspectives are explored. The opening chapter lays out the philosophical background in preparation for the papers that follow, which demon

Philosophy of language --- Linguistics --- Philosophy. --- Language and languages --- Philosophy

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The link between language and thought formed a major new exploration of twentieth-century philosophy. Languages nuance our ideas and perceptions. Though from various angles, Heidegger, Derrida, Wittgenstein forged new ways of understanding the relationship between our views of the external world and our culturally and linguistically pre-determined modes of expression.Another giant in this field of exploration is the Romanian philosopher Constantin Noica (1909–1987), who has so far remained generally unknown to the Western World because of the Iron Curtain. The Romanian Sentiment of Being (Sentimentul românesc al ființei), first published in Romanian in 1978, is a philosophical work at the intersection of metaphysics and philosophy of language. The title of this book may be deceptive. “Romanian” does not mean ethnically circumscribed; it does not limit ontology to nationality but rather reflects on how language can carry ontological thought.The Romanian Sentiment of Being invites the readers to meditate on the fundamental theme of being and how it is expressed in a culture in time. This being in time marks the tension between moment and eternity, captured in the fairytale ""Ageless Youth and Deathless Life"" (""Tinerețe fără batrânețe și viață fără de moarte""), which Noica interprets in detail. The translation of the story will be found in the appendix. Noica also analyzes one of the most famous poems in Romanian, Mihai Eminescu’s ""The Evening Star"" (""Luceafărul""), and readers will find its translation in the appendix.

metaphysics;Mihai Eminescu;philosophy of language;Romance languages;Romanian Studies