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Der Kampf um die Vorherrschaft in der deutschen und europäischen Freimaurerei ist eines der großen Themen dieses zweiten Bandes der Illuminatenkorrespondenz, ebenso wie das Zerwürfnis zwischen dem ,Ordensgeneral' Adam Weishaupt und seinem wichtigsten Mitstreiter, Adolph Freiherr von Knigge. Die überwiegend bisher unveröffentlichten Briefe sind umfassend annotiert und durch Register erschlossen. Über den ersten Band urteilte Der Spiegel, noch niemand habe "so präzise wie Markner und seine Kollegen Monika Neugebauer-Wölk und Hermann Schüttler die Stimmungen und Richtungskämpfe innerhalb des legendären Geheimbunds durchleuchtet". Die Herausgeber blätterten "jetzt eine faszinierende, aber auch sehr deutsche Geschichte auf: eine Tragikomödie, zusammengesetzt aus hohen Zielen, Machtphantasien und Realitätsverlust". The fight for supremacy in the German and European Freemasonry is one of the central topics of this second volume of the correspondences of the Order of Illuminati. Another key element is the discord between the 'Ordensgeneral' Adam Weishaupt and his most important colleague Adolph Freiherr von Knigge. All of the letters are comprehensively annotated and indexed; most of them are now being published for the first time. The first volume received positive critical attention: Der Spiegel attested that the editors have shed light on the atmospheres and struggles within the legendary secret society as precisely as no one before. The correspondence, wrote Der Spiegel, opens up a fascinating, yet very German story: a tragic comedy, made up of high aims, imaginations of power and loss of reality.

Illuminati. --- Mysticism --- Rationalists --- Secret societies --- History. --- Illuminatenorden --- Illuminaten (Society) --- Illuminatenbund --- Illuminaten-Orden --- Orden der Perfektibilisten --- Geheimbund der Illuminaten --- Order of Illuminati.

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“Warrior monks”—the misnomer for the Iberian military orders that emerged on the frontiers of Europe in the twelfth century—have long fascinated general readers and professional historians alike. Proposing “ecclesiastical knights” as a more accurate name and conceptual model—warriors animated by ideals and spiritual currents endorsed by the church hierarchy—author Sam Zeno Conedera presents a groundbreaking study of how these orders brought the seemingly incongruous combination of monastic devotion and the practice of warfare into a single way of life.Providing a detailed study of the military-religious vocation as it was lived out in the Orders of Santiago, Calatrava, and Alcantara in Leon-Castile during the first century, Ecclesiastical Knights provides a valuable window into medieval Iberia. Filling a gap in the historiography of the medieval military orders, Conedera defines, categorizes, and explains these orders, from their foundations until their spiritual decline in the early fourteenth century, arguing that that the best way to understand their spirituality is as a particular kind of consecrated knighthood.Because these Iberian military orders were belligerents in the Reconquest, Ecclesiastical Knights informs important discussions about the relations between Western Christianity and Islam in the Middle Ages. Conedera examines how the military orders fit into the religious landscape of medieval Europe through the prism of knighthood, and how their unique conceptual character informed the orders and spiritual self-perception.The religious observances of all three orders were remarkably alike, except that the Cistercian-affiliated orders were more demanding and their members could not marry. Santiago, Calatrava, and Alcantara shared the same essential mission and purpose: the defense and expansion of Christendom understood as an act of charity, expressed primarily through fighting and secondarily through the care of the sick and the ransoming of captives. Their prayers were simple and their penances were aimed at knightly vices and the preservation of military discipline. Above all, the orders valued obedience. They never drank from the deep wellsprings of monasticism, nor were they ever meant to.Offering an entirely fresh perspective on two difficult and closely related problems concerning the military orders—namely, definition and spirituality—author Sam Zeno Conedera illuminates the religious life of the orders, previously eclipsed by their military activities.

Islam --- Christianity --- Monks --- Knights and knighthood --- Military religious orders --- Relations --- History --- Orden de Alcántara --- Orden de Calatrava --- Orden de Santiago --- History. --- Castilla y León (Spain) --- Religious life and customs. --- History, Military. --- Alcantara. --- Calatrava. --- Iberia. --- Santiago. --- Spain. --- Templars. --- crusade. --- ecclesiastical knighthood. --- military orders. --- spirituality.

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L’écrit produit par les institutions monastiques du Val de Loire du xe au xiiie siècle est abondant et pluriel. Dans les fonds d’archives, les chartes écrites sur des feuilles de parchemin ou réunies dans des cartulaires, les chroniques et les gesta, les annales, les traités de nature diverse, les lettres, etc., en témoignent à l’envi. Cette richesse a fréquemment été constatée et la documentation ligérienne souvent convoquée par les spécialistes de l’écrit et de la vie culturelle. Or, depuis une trentaine d’années, les travaux consacrés à l’écrit dans tous ses états ont largement renouvelé les connaissances sur les formes, les enjeux et les acteurs de la production écrite. Ils ont souligné le lien entre écrit et mémoire, écrit et stratégie de communication. Ils ont montré avec bonheur les processus de production et de transformation des écrits. En outre, la constitution de bases de données numériques a également offert aux chercheurs l’opportunité de brasser une documentation plus large et de mener des enquêtes comparatistes. Dans ce contexte scientifique fécond et dynamique, qui invite à un retour aux sources, il est bienvenu de porter un regard neuf sur le vaste corpus ligérien. Deux approches sont privilégiées. L’une vise à mieux évaluer la singularité de l’écrit élaboré dans le Val de Loire et à comparer les productions des différentes institutions ; l’autre cherche à identifier des réseaux de lettrés, à saisir les transferts culturels afin de mesurer l’influence de l’espace ligérien comme aire de diffusion et de réception des productions culturelles.

091:271 --- 091 <44 LOIRE> --- 091 <44 LOIRE> Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--Frankrijk--LOIRE --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi--Frankrijk--LOIRE --- Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Kloosterwezen. Religieuze orden en congregaties. Monachisme --- 091:271 Handschriftenkunde. Handschriftencatalogi-:-Kloosterwezen. Religieuze orden en congregaties. Monachisme --- History --- Histoire religieuse --- Histoire médiévale --- Religion et société

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Medieval Franciscans prayed in hermitages and churches, on the road and in the piazza, with song and silence. The unique stories of these men and women, as their engaging texts, stunning architecture and breath-taking artwork suggest, are narratives of souls, enfleshed in their respective worlds of the leprosarium, university, or itinerant preaching. The essays in this book foster a nuanced perspective on Franciscan beliefs and spiritual practices by resisting the temptation to reduce their myriad accounts of prayer to an exclusive, univocal spirituality. By displaying the breadth and depth of these medieval Franciscans at prayer, these essays challenge contemporary readers to look anew at this “cloud of witnesses” from the past, who, both lay and religious, promoted a diversity of spiritual expression that found a familial focus in their mutual passion for the divine and the world they shared.

Christian religious orders --- Franciscans --- Prayer --- 271.3-7 --- 271.3-7 Franciskaanse liturgie en spiritualiteit --- Franciskaanse liturgie en spiritualiteit --- Worship --- Prayers --- Christianity --- History of doctrines. --- Alcantarines --- Bernardyni --- Cordeliers --- Discalced Friars Minor --- Família Franciscana --- Frades Menores --- Frailes Menores --- Franciscains --- Franciscains mineurs --- Franciscan Discalceati --- Franciscan Order --- Franciscan Reformati --- Franciszkanie --- Frant︠s︡iskanskiĭ orden --- Frant︠s︡iskant︠s︡y --- Frati minori --- Fratres minores --- Frères mineurs --- Friars, Gray --- Friars Minor --- Gråbrøderne --- Gray Friars --- Grey Friars --- Mala braća --- Minderbrüder --- Minoriten --- Minorites --- O.F.M. --- Observants --- OFM --- Ojcowie Franciszkanie --- Ordem dos Frades Menores --- Ordem dos Franciscanos --- Ordem Franciscana --- Orden de Frailes Menores --- Orden de los Frailes Menores --- Orden Franciscana --- Orden sv. Frant︠s︡iska --- Order of Friars Minor --- Ordine dei Frati Minori --- Ordine dei minori --- Ordre des frères franciscains mineurs --- Ordo Fratrum Minorum --- Reformati --- Reformed Franciscans --- Seraphic Order --- Capuchins --- Conventuals --- Franciscan Recollects --- Spiritual life --- History. --- Prière --- History --- Christianisme --- Histoire --- Christianity&delete& --- History of doctrines

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Commemorating John Moorman's immense contribution to Franciscan history across five decades, the essays in this collection reflect upon Moorman's diverse writings on biography, hagiography, history, art, and prosopography. Contributors draw upon Moorman's diaries and his materials for a biographical register of the Franciscans in medieval England. The volume is in tune with recent developments in Franciscan history in general, with a special interest in the English province. This is exemplified by studies on Franciscan iconography; the English province's impact of the wider order; the scholastic enterprise; prosopography; economy; sermons; the application of Canon Law to the debates at the papal court; and the evolution of John Moorman's studies on St Francis and his followers.

271.3 <420> "12/15" --- 271.3 <420> "12/15" Franciskanen. Minderbroeders--Engeland--"12/15" --- Franciskanen. Minderbroeders--Engeland--"12/15" --- Franciscans --- Alcantarines --- Bernardyni --- Cordeliers --- Discalced Friars Minor --- Família Franciscana --- Frades Menores --- Frailes Menores --- Franciscains --- Franciscains mineurs --- Franciscan Discalceati --- Franciscan Order --- Franciscan Reformati --- Franciszkanie --- Frant︠s︡iskanskiĭ orden --- Frant︠s︡iskant︠s︡y --- Frati minori --- Fratres minores --- Frères mineurs --- Friars, Gray --- Friars Minor --- Gråbrøderne --- Gray Friars --- Grey Friars --- Mala braća --- Minderbrüder --- Minoriten --- Minorites --- O.F.M. --- Observants --- OFM --- Ojcowie Franciszkanie --- Ordem dos Frades Menores --- Ordem dos Franciscanos --- Ordem Franciscana --- Orden de Frailes Menores --- Orden de los Frailes Menores --- Orden Franciscana --- Orden sv. Frant︠s︡iska --- Order of Friars Minor --- Ordine dei Frati Minori --- Ordine dei minori --- Ordre des frères franciscains mineurs --- Ordo Fratrum Minorum --- Reformati --- Reformed Franciscans --- Seraphic Order --- Capuchins --- Conventuals --- Franciscan Recollects --- History --- HISTORY / Medieval. --- Franciscans, Mendicants, England, John Moorman.