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This book explores the massacre that occurred after the Japanese captured the Chinese capital of Nanjing in December 1937. In January 1938, three American diplomats arrived in Nanjing and sent numerous atrocity reports to the U.S. and U.S. diplomatic posts, extensively documenting the situation and the American diplomatic role.

Nanking Massacre, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937. --- Diplomats --- Nanking Massacre, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937 --- Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945 --- Atrocities --- Nanjing (Jiangsu Sheng, China) --- History

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Nanking Massacre, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937. --- Nan-ching ta tʻu sha, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937 --- Nanjing da tu sha, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937 --- Nanking Massacre, Nan-ching shih, China, 1937 --- Rape of Nanking, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937 --- Massacres --- Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945 --- Nanjing, Battle of, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937 --- Atrocities --- Nanjing (Jiangsu Sheng, China) --- Chin-ling (China) --- Ginling (China) --- Jinling (China) --- Nan Jing (China) --- Nanjingshi (China) --- Nankin (China) --- Nanking --- Nanking (China) --- History --- Historiography.

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Over the past two decades, many states have heard demands that they recognize and apologize for historic wrongs. Such calls have not elicited uniform or predictable responses. While some states have apologized for past crimes, others continue to silence, deny, and relativize dark pasts. What explains the tremendous variation in how states deal with past crimes? When and why do states change the stories they tell about their dark pasts.Dark Pasts argues that international pressures increase the likelihood of change in official narratives about dark pasts, but domestic considerations determine the content of such change. Rather than simply changing with the passage of time, persistence, or rightness, official narratives of dark pasts are shaped by interactions between political factors at the domestic and international levels. Unpacking the complex processes through which international pressures and domestic dynamics shape states' narratives, Jennifer M. Dixon analyzes the trajectories over the past sixty years of Turkey's narrative of the 1915-17 Armenian Genocide and Japan's narrative of the 1937-38 Nanjing Massacre. While both states' narratives started from similar positions of silencing, relativizing, and denial, Japan has come to express regret and apologize for the Nanjing Massacre, while Turkey has continued to reject official wrongdoing and deny the genocidal nature of the violence.Combining historical richness and analytical rigor, Dark Pasts unravels the complex processes through which such narratives are constructed and contested, and offers an innovative way to analyze narrative change. Her book sheds light on the persistent presence of the past and reveals how domestic politics functions as a filter that shapes the ways in which states' narratives change-or do not-over time.

Historiography --- Nanking Massacre, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937 --- Armenian genocide, 1915-1923 --- Political aspects --- History --- Historiography.

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Nanking Massacre, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937 --- J3386.20 --- J4850 --- S04/0825 --- S07/0200 --- Nan-ching ta tʻu sha, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937 --- Nanjing da tu sha, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937 --- Nanking Massacre, Nan-ching shih, China, 1937 --- Rape of Nanking, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937 --- Massacres --- Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945 --- Nanjing, Battle of, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937 --- Japan: History -- Gendai, modern -- Shōwa period -- World War II -- war with China -- Nanking massacre (1937) --- Japan: International law -- law of peace and war (including war crimes) --- China: History--War against Japan: 1931/1937 - 1945 --- China: Army and police force--Military history --- Atrocities --- Nanjing (Jiangsu Sheng, China) --- History. --- Nanking Massacre, Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China, 1937.

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The institutional history of Ginling College is arguably a family history. Ginling, a Christian, women's college in Nanjing founded by Western missionaries, saw itself as a family. The school's leaders built on the Confucian ideal to envision a feminized, Christian family—one that would spread Christianity and uplift the family that was the Chinese nation. Exploring the various incarnations of the trope of the "Ginling family," Jin Feng takes a microscopic view by emphasizing personal, subjective perspectives from the written and oral records of the Chinese and American women who created and sustained the school. Even when using more seemingly ordinary official documents, Feng seeks to shed light on the motives and dynamic interactions that created them and the impact they had on individual lives. Using this perspective, Feng questions the standard characterization of missionary higher education as simply Western cultural imperialism to show a process of influence and cultural exchange.

Christian universities and colleges --- Community life --- Families --- Missions --- Women intellectuals --- Women --- Women's colleges --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- Intellectuals --- Christian missions --- Christianity --- Missions, Foreign --- Religion --- Theology, Practical --- Proselytizing --- Family --- Family life --- Family relationships --- Family structure --- Relationships, Family --- Structure, Family --- Social institutions --- Birth order --- Domestic relations --- Home --- Households --- Kinship --- Marriage --- Matriarchy --- Parenthood --- Patriarchy --- Associations, institutions, etc. --- Human ecology --- Christian colleges --- Church colleges --- Universities and colleges --- Colleges for women --- History --- Social conditions --- Social aspects --- Education --- Ginling College (Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China) --- Jinling da xue --- Jinling nü zi wen li xue yuan (Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China) --- 金陵女子文理學院 (Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China) --- 金陵女子文理学院 (Nanjing, Jiangsu Sheng, China) --- History. --- Nanjing (Jiangsu Sheng, China) --- Chin-ling (China) --- Ginling (China) --- Jinling (China) --- Nan Jing (China) --- Nanjingshi (China) --- Nankin (China) --- Nanking --- Nanking (China) --- Intellectual life --- Geschichte 1915-1952 --- Nanjing shi fan da xue.