Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

From animal rights to anti-abortion, from tax resistance to anti-poverty, activists from across the political spectrum often deliberately break the law to further their causes. While not behaviors common to hardened or self-seeking criminals, the staging of civil disobedience, non-violent resistance, and direct action can nevertheless trigger a harsh response from law enforcement, with those arrested risking jail time and criminal records. Crimes of Dissent features the voices of these activists, presenting a fascinating insider’s look at the motivations, costs and consequences of deliberately violating the law as a strategy of social change.Crimes of Dissent provides readers with an in-depth understanding of why activists break the law, and what happens to them when they do. Using dynamic examples, both historic and recent, Jarret Lovell explores how seasoned protesters are handled and treated by the criminal justice system, shedding light on the intersection between the political and the criminal. By adopting the unique vantage of the street-level activist, Crimes of Dissent provides a fascinating view of protest from the ground, giving voice to those who refuse to remain silent by risking punishment for their political actions.

Crime --- Social movements --- Civil disobedience --- change. --- consequences. --- costs. --- deliberately. --- fascinating. --- insiders. --- look. --- motivations. --- social. --- strategy. --- violating.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The aim of this Research Topic for Frontiers in Psychology under the section of Cognitive Science and Frontiers in Neurorobotics is to present state-of-the-art research, whether theoretical, empirical, or computational investigations, on open-ended development driven by intrinsic motivations. The topic will address questions such as: How do motivations drive learning? How are complex skills built up from a foundation of simpler competencies? What are the neural and computational bases for intrinsically motivated learning? What is the contribution of intrinsic motivations to wider cognition? Autonomous development and lifelong open-ended learning are hallmarks of intelligence. Higher mammals, and especially humans, engage in activities that do not appear to directly serve the goals of survival, reproduction, or material advantage. Rather, a large part of their activity is intrinsically motivated - behavior driven by curiosity, play, interest in novel stimuli and surprising events, autonomous goal-setting, and the pleasure of acquiring new competencies. This allows the cumulative acquisition of knowledge and skills that can later be used to accomplish fitness-enhancing goals. Intrinsic motivations continue during adulthood, and in humans artistic creativity, scientific discovery, and subjective well-being owe much to them. The study of intrinsically motivated behavior has a long history in psychological and ethological research, which is now being reinvigorated by perspectives from neuroscience, artificial intelligence and computer science. For example, recent neuroscientific research is discovering how neuromodulators like dopamine and noradrenaline relate not only to extrinsic rewards but also to novel and surprising events, how brain areas such as the superior colliculus and the hippocampus are involved in the perception and processing of events, novel stimuli, and novel associations of stimuli, and how violations of predictions and expectations influence learning and motivation. Computational approaches are characterizing the space of possible reinforcement learning algorithms and their augmentation by intrinsic reinforcements of different kinds. Research in robotics and machine learning is yielding systems with increasing autonomy and capacity for self-improvement: artificial systems with motivations that are similar to those of real organisms and support prolonged autonomous learning. Computational research on intrinsic motivation is being complemented by, and closely interacting with, research that aims to build hierarchical architectures capable of acquiring, storing, and exploiting the knowledge and skills acquired through intrinsically motivated learning. Now is an important moment in the study of intrinsically motivated open-ended development, requiring contributions and integration across a large number of fields within the cognitive sciences. This Research Topic aims to contribute to this effort by welcoming papers carried out with ethological, psychological, neuroscientific and computational approaches, as well as research that cuts across disciplines and approaches.

Computational neuroscience. --- Autonomous robots. --- Autonomous robotic systems --- Robots --- Computational neurosciences --- Computational biology --- Neurosciences --- computational models --- intrinsic motivations --- autonomous robotics --- novelty and surprise --- review --- cumulative learning and development --- brain and behavior --- reinforcement learning

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Learning, Psychology of --- Motivation (Psychology) --- Apprentissage, Psychologie de l' --- Motivation (Psychologie) --- Learning, Psychology of. --- Learning. --- Motivation. --- Disincentives --- Incentives --- Disincentive --- Incentive --- Memory Training --- Phenomenography --- Training, Memory --- Action, Psychology of --- Drive (Psychology) --- Psychology of action --- Learning --- Psychology of learning --- Psychological aspects --- Drive --- Memory Consolidation --- Education --- Psychology --- Educational psychology --- Comprehension --- Learning ability --- Expectations --- Expectation --- Motivations

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

On the surface, stoicism and emotion seem like contradictory terms. Yet the Stoic philosophers of ancient Greece and Rome were deeply interested in the emotions, which they understood as complex judgments about what we regard as valuable in our surroundings. Stoicism and Emotion shows that they did not simply advocate an across-the-board suppression of feeling, as stoicism implies in today's English, but instead conducted a searching examination of these powerful psychological responses, seeking to understand what attitude toward them expresses the deepest respect for human potential. In this elegant and clearly written work, Margaret Graver gives a compelling new interpretation of the Stoic position. Drawing on a vast range of ancient sources, she argues that the chief demand of Stoic ethics is not that we should suppress or deny our feelings, but that we should perfect the rational mind at the core of every human being. Like all our judgments, the Stoics believed, our affective responses can be either true or false and right or wrong, and we must assume responsibility for them. Without glossing over the difficulties, Graver also shows how the Stoics dealt with those questions that seem to present problems for their theory: the physiological basis of affective responses, the phenomenon of being carried away by one's emotions, the occurrence of involuntary feelings and the disordered behaviors of mental illness. Ultimately revealing the deeper motivations of Stoic philosophy, Stoicism and Emotion uncovers the sources of its broad appeal in the ancient world and illuminates its surprising relevance to our own.

Stoics. --- Emotions (Philosophy) --- Philosophy --- Ethics --- Philosophy, Ancient --- greek and roman philosophy, consciousness, thought, emotions, mental health, stoicism, stoics, stoic philosophers, ancient greece, rome, complex judgments, values, virtue, suppression of feelins, searching examination, powerful psychological responses, human potential, new interpretation, ethics, rational mind, responsibility, accountability, physiological basis, affective response, involuntary feelings, disordered behaviors, illness, deeper motivations, moral shame, optimistic love.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

For decades, China's Xinjiang region has been the site of clashes between long-residing Uyghur and Han settlers. Up until now, much scholarly attention has been paid to state actions and the Uyghur's efforts to resist cultural and economic repression. This has left the other half of the puzzle-the motivations and ambitions of Han settlers themselves-sorely understudied. With Oil and Water, anthropologist Tom Cliff offers the first ethnographic study of Han in Xinjiang, using in-depth vignettes, oral histories, and more than fifty original photographs to explore how and why they became the people they are now. By shifting focus to the lived experience of ordinary Han settlers, Oil and Water provides an entirely new perspective on Chinese nation building in the twenty-first century and demonstrates the vital role that Xinjiang Han play in national politics-not simply as Beijing's pawns, but as individuals pursuing their own survival and dreams on the frontier.

Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu (China) --- Xinjiang (Chine) --- Social conditions --- Conditions sociales --- S25/0655 --- S25/0800 --- S02/0200 --- Xinjiang--Relations with China --- Xinjiang--Social conditions --- China: General works--Civilization and culture --- Social conditions. --- Chinese --- han, china, chinese, people, ethnic group, east asia, cultural ancestry, anthropology, xinjiang, settlers, uyghur, culture, economic repression, motivations, ethnography, oral history, nation building, 21st century, national politics, political concerns, social conditions, institutions, state, mobility, oil elite, stability, traditions, human societies, humanity, development.