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The conference Understanding Relations Between Scripts II: Early Alphabets took place inMarch 2017 at the Faculty of Classics, Cambridge. This was the first of a programmeof collaborative events organised as part of the project Contexts of and Relations betweenEarly Writing Systems (CREWS), which pursues interdisciplinary research into the developmentand context of writing around the Mediterranean and Levant in the second andfirst millennia BC. CREWS has received funding from the European Research Council(ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme(grant agreement No 677758).

Alphabet --- Writing --- Letters of the alphabet --- Latin alphabet --- Roman alphabet --- Hieroglyphics --- Transliteration --- History --- Chirography --- Handwriting --- Language and languages --- Ciphers --- Penmanship --- early writing systems; early alphabets; alphabets; scripts

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This study investigates the properties of several ancient syllabic and linear segmental scripts to make explicit the aspects of linguistic knowledge they attempt to represent. Some recent experimental work suggests that nonliterate speakers do not have segmental knowledge and that only syllabic knowledge is 'real' or accessible, whence the ubiquity of syllabaries. Miller disputes this by showing that such tests do not distinguish relevant types of knowledge, and that linguistic analysis of the ordering and writing conventions of early Western scripts corroborates the evidence from language acq

Alphabet. --- Cypriot syllabary. --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Inscriptions, Linear B. --- Language awareness. --- Phonology. --- Grammar, Comparative and general -- Phonology. --- Alphabet --- Cypriot syllabary --- Inscriptions, Linear B --- Language awareness --- Cypriote (Dialecte ancien) --- Phonologie --- Inscriptions linéaires B --- Conscience linguistique --- Phonology --- Syllabaires --- Linguistic awareness --- Metalinguistic knowledge --- Awareness --- Psycholinguistics --- Linear B inscriptions --- Minoan writing --- Greek language --- Inscriptions, Greek --- Inscriptions, Hieroglyphic --- Cypriote syllabary --- Letters of the alphabet --- Latin alphabet --- Roman alphabet --- Hieroglyphics --- Transliteration --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative and general Phonology

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Covering Portugal and Castile in the West to the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem in the East, this collection focuses on Muslim minorities living in Christian lands during the high Middle Ages, and examines to what extent notions of religious tolerance influenced Muslim-Christian relations. The authors call into question the applicability of modern ideas of toleration to medieval social relations, investigating the situation instead from the standpoint of human experience within the two religious cultures. Whereas this study offers no evidence of an evolution of coherent policy concerning treatment of minorities in these Christian domains, it does reveal how religious ideas and communitarian traditions worked together to blunt the harsh realities of the relations between victors and vanquished.The chapters in this volume include "The Mudejars of Castile and Portugal in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries" by Joseph F. O'Callaghan, "Muslims in the Thirteenth-Century Realms of Aragon: Interactions and Reaction" by Robert I. Burns, S.J., "The End of Muslim Sicily" by David S. H. Abulafia, "The Subjected Muslims of the Frankish Levant" by Benjamin Z. Kedar, and "The Papacy and the Muslim Frontier" by James M. Powell.Originally published in 1990.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

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