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No detailed description available for "Comparative Karyology of Primates".

Neurophysiology. --- Karyotypes --- Chromosomes --- Chromosome abnormalities --- Cytotaxonomy --- Genetics --- Neurophysiology

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This summary of the results of chromosomal analysis of various groups of parasitic wasps will be essential reading for those working in the field. It is the second edition of a monograph that was first published in Russian, and has been substantially updated with new data, conclusions and references. The goal of this ground-breaking work is to document the author’s study of the karyotype structure and chromosomal evolution of parasitic Hymenoptera. It also interprets the results obtained, from both routine and differential chromosome staining, for systematic and phylogenetic purposes. Despite the huge importance of parasitic wasps, many problems of their taxonomy remain insufficiently studied. This is a situation that needs rectifying, as Hymenoptera are one of the largest and most taxonomically complicated groups of insects and they play a very important role in food chains as parasitoids of the overwhelming majority of insects and other arthropods. Parasitic wasps attack many pests of agriculture and forestry as well as certain beneficial insects. In addition, some secondarily phytophagous Hymenoptera damage certain cultivated plants. The renowned entomologist and author of this volume, Vladimir Gokhman, has himself developed a particular technique for obtaining chromosomal preparations from adult parasitic wasps. This allowed the inclusion of a wide range of those insects into the study. The karyotypic features of the majority of superfamilies and families as well as many lower taxa of parasitic Hymenoptera are listed, while the plesiomorphic and apomorphic character states of chromosome sets of parasitic wasps are revealed. The structural features of karyotypes used for identifying and discriminating sibling species and similar forms are shown, as are the data on chromosome sets of about 400 species of parasitic Hymenoptera (including more than 200 micrographs). Also included is a comprehensive phylogenetic and taxonomic analysis of karyotypic information. This book is unique because it demonstrates a range of karyotypic data for an insect group that seemed unattainable in this respect not so long ago. Rich in new facts, techniques and ideas, it will be of use to all those interested in karyology and Hymenoptera.

Hymenoptera --Genetics. --- Karyotypes. --- Parasitic wasps --Genetics. --- Parasitic wasps --- Karyotypes --- Hymenoptera --- Invertebrates & Protozoa --- Zoology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Genetics --- Hymenoptera. --- Symphyta --- Life sciences. --- Animal genetics. --- Entomology. --- Life Sciences. --- Animal Genetics and Genomics. --- Animal Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography. --- Insects --- Chromosome abnormalities --- Chromosomes --- Cytotaxonomy --- Animal systematics. --- Animal taxonomy. --- Animal classification --- Animal systematics --- Animal taxonomy --- Classification --- Systematic zoology --- Systematics (Zoology) --- Taxonomy, Animal --- Zoological classification --- Zoological systematics --- Zoological taxonomy --- Animals

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Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are dispensable genetic elements found in thousands of species of plants and animals, and some fungi. Since their discovery more than a century ago, they have been a source of puzzlement, as they only occur in some members of a population and are absent from others. When they do occur, they are often harmful, and in the absence of “selfishness”, based on mechanisms of mitotic and meiotic drive, there appears to be no obvious reason for their existence. Cytogeneticists have long wrestled with questions about the biological existence of these enigmatic elements, including their lack of any adaptive properties, apparent absence of functional genes, their origin, sequence organization, and co-evolution as nuclear parasites. Emerging new technologies are now enabling researchers to step up a gear, to look enthusiastically beyond the previous limits of the horizon, and to uncover the secrets of these “silent” chromosomes. This book provides a comprehensive guide to theoretical advancements in the field of B chromosome research in both animal and plant systems.

parent-of-origin effects --- fluorescent in situ hybridization --- coverage ratio analysis --- n/a --- ribosomal DNA --- reactivation --- cytogenetics --- epigenetics --- heterochromatin --- interphase nucleus --- whole genome resequencing --- transmission --- grasshoppers --- genome instability --- dot-like (micro) Bs --- ?s --- B chromosome --- supernumerary elements --- transcription of heterochromatin --- maternal X chromosome --- supernumerary chromosome --- population analysis --- supernumerary --- repeat clusters --- extra chromosomes --- genes --- tandem repeats --- B morphotypes --- repetitive DNA --- repetitive elements --- DNA copy number variation --- chromosome polymorphism --- satellite DNA --- mammals --- maize B chromosome --- additional chromosomes --- inactivation --- drive --- B chromosomes --- FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridisation) --- organelle DNA --- Orthoptera --- origin --- supernumerary chromosomes --- karyotype evolution --- GISH (genomic in situ hybridisation) --- DNA composition --- de novo centromere formation --- genomics --- paternal X chromosome --- euchromatin degradation --- supernumerary chromosomal segments (SCS) evolution --- centromere --- sSMC --- Prospero autumnale complex --- next-generation sequencing --- Drosophila --- host/parasite interaction --- Apodemus peninsulae --- genome evolution --- evolution --- teleost --- chromosome evolution --- microdissected DNA probes --- controlling element --- mobile element --- RNA-Seq --- karyotypes --- karyotypic characteristics --- RepeatExplorer

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Since the establishment of the DNA structure researchers have been highly interested in the molecular basis of the inheritance of genes and of genetic disorders. Scientific investigations of the last two decades have shown that, in addition to oncogenic viruses and signalling pathways alterations, genomic instability is important in the development of cancer. This view is supported by the findings that aneuploidy, which results from chromosome instability, is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Chromosomal instability also underpins our fundamental principles of understanding tumourigenesis: It thought that cancer arises from the sequential acquisition of genetic alterations in specific genes. In this hypothesis, these rare genetic events represent rate-limiting ‘bottlenecks’ in the clonal evolution of a cancer, and pre-cancerous cells can evolve into neoplastic cells through the acquisition of somatic mutations. This book is written by international leading scientists in the field of genome stability. Chapters are devoted to genome stability and anti-cancer drug targets, histone modifications, chromatin factors, DNA repair, apoptosis and many other key areas of research. The chapters give insights into the newest development of the genome stability and human diseases and bring the current understanding of the mechanisms leading to chromosome instability and their potential for clinical impact to the reader.

Cancer -- Genetic aspects. --- Chromosome abnormalities. --- Human genetics. --- Medical genetics. --- Molecular genetics. --- Mutation (Biology). --- Mutation (Biology) --- Chromosome abnormalities --- Cancer --- Genetics --- DNA Repair --- Genomic Instability --- Chromosome Aberrations --- Neoplasms --- Diseases --- Mutation --- Pathologic Processes --- Genetic Phenomena --- Biochemical Processes --- Genetic Processes --- Biology --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Genetic Variation --- Chemical Processes --- Phenomena and Processes --- Biochemical Phenomena --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Chemical Phenomena --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Pathology --- Cytology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Genetic aspects --- Genetic aspects. --- Cancer genetics --- Chromosomal aberrations --- Chromosome anomalies --- Medicine. --- Cancer research. --- Cytogenetics. --- Laboratory medicine. --- Oncology. --- Cell biology. --- Biomedicine. --- Human Genetics. --- Laboratory Medicine. --- Cancer Research. --- Cell Biology. --- Cancer genes --- Chromosomes --- Karyotypes --- Variation (Biology) --- Oncology  . --- Medical laboratories. --- Cytology. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Tumors --- Diagnosis, Laboratory --- Health facilities --- Laboratories --- Heredity, Human --- Human biology --- Physical anthropology --- Cancer research --- Clinical medicine --- Clinical pathology --- Diagnostic laboratory tests --- Laboratory diagnosis --- Laboratory medicine --- Medical laboratory diagnosis --- Diagnosis --- Cancer. --- Medical Genetics. --- Biomedical Research. --- Molecular Genetics. --- Cancer Biology. --- Research. --- Cancers --- Carcinoma --- Malignancy (Cancer) --- Malignant tumors --- Molecular biology --- Biological research --- Biomedical research --- Health Workforce --- Clinical genetics --- Heredity of disease --- Human genetics --- Medical sciences --- Genetic disorders