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This handbook gathers, reviews and concisely presents the core principles and varied technology involved in processing ferroalloys. Background content in thermodynamics, kinetics, heat and mass transfer is accompanied by an overview of electrical furnaces theory and practice as well as sustainability issues. The work includes detailed coverage of the major technologies of ferrosilicon, ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrotungsten, ferrovanadium, ferromanganese and lesser known minor ferroalloys. Distilling the results of many years' experience in ferroalloys, Michael Gasik has assembl

Alloys. --- Metals. --- Physical metallurgy. --- Iron alloys --- Mechanical Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Metallurgy & Mineralogy --- Iron alloys. --- Ferroalloys --- Ferrous alloys --- Alloys

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This book is composed of ten chapters. Based on systematic description of research achievements of the project of ultra-fine grain steels and their engineering applications, new theories of microstructural refinement and the newly developed technologies in production of high strength and high toughness steels are introduced. The book features the integration of materials science with engineering technology. In the scope of theories of the strengthening and toughening of ultra-fine grain steels, the theory of deformation induced ferrite transformation (DIFT) for ferrite-pearlite steels has been put forward. The phenomenon of ultra-fine grain refinement effect by the existing precipitates of nanometer size in the steel produced by using thin slab casting and rolling (TSCR) has been discovered and analyzed. The theory of deformation induced precipitation and medium temperature phase transformation control for bainitic steels has been proposed. The theory of resistance against delayed fracturing of high strength and high toughness alloy structural steels has been established. In the aspect of production technologies, some production technologies for obtaining ultra-fine grains and high strength high toughness of steels are introduced. The chemical metallurgy, solidification technique, and welding technique etc. for ultra-fine grain steels are introduced. In the aspect of engineering applications of ultra-fine grain high strength and high toughness steels, all the trial applications and commercial applications in the areas of civil constructions, automobile manufacturing and engineering machinery etc. are described. The book provides theoretical concepts and engineering application technologies for the research, production, and application of ultra-fine grain steels.

Iron -- Metallurgy. --- Iron alloys. --- Iron. --- Steel -- Metallurgy. --- Steel alloys. --- Steel. --- Materials Science --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Iron --- Steel --- Metallurgy. --- Siderurgy --- Ferroalloys --- Ferrous alloys --- Materials science. --- Structural materials. --- Metals. --- Materials Science. --- Materials Science, general. --- Structural Materials. --- Metallic Materials. --- Alloys --- Materials. --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Materials --- Metallic elements --- Chemical elements --- Ores --- Metallurgy --- Architectural materials --- Architecture --- Building --- Building supplies --- Buildings --- Construction materials --- Structural materials --- Material science --- Physical sciences

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The characterization of the physical and chemical properties of transition metals and their compounds under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature has always attracted the interest of a wide scientific community. Their properties have numerous implications in fields ranging from solid-state physics, chemistry, and materials science to Earth and planetary science. The present Special Issue represents a good example of such a broad interest and shows some of the latest advancements in the investigation of transition metals under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature.

vanadate --- kagome compound --- high pressure --- X-ray diffraction --- equation of state --- iodate --- infrared spectroscopy --- phase transitions --- grain refinement --- mechanical properties --- commercial purity aluminum --- zirconium --- Nb3Sn --- local atomic structure --- XAFS --- melting curves --- laser-heated diamond anvil cell --- extreme conditions --- synchrotron radiation --- transition metals --- iridium --- laser heating --- density-functional theory --- melting --- radial-distribution function --- quantum molecular dynamics --- melting curve --- solid–solid phase transition boundary --- multi-phase materials --- phase relation --- Earth’s core --- iron alloys --- high-pressure --- high-temperature --- thermodynamics --- eutectic spacing --- Al-Si alloy --- superheat --- electrical resistivity --- iron sulfides --- high temperature --- Ganymede --- thermal convection --- creep testing --- ME21 --- magnesium alloy --- size effects --- miniature specimen --- PbTe --- substitutional disorder --- thermal expansion --- bulk modulus --- atomic displacement --- low temperature --- compression --- Debye temperature --- n/a --- solid-solid phase transition boundary --- Earth's core