Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

chemoreceptor --- Olfaction --- gustation --- odorant receptor --- sensory neuron --- ion channel --- Signal Transduction

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact

brain structure and function --- neural networks --- ion channel activation --- prefrontal cortex --- brain systems --- functional encoding brain networks

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

A well-adjusted expression of cardiac ion channels at the sarcolemma is of crucial importance for normal action potential formation and thus cardiac function. The cellular processes that transport channel proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum towards specified regions on the sarcolemmal membrane, and subsequently take them from the plasma membrane to the protein degradation machinery are commonly known as trafficking. The research field recognizes that aberrant channel trafficking stands at the basis of many congenital and acquired arrhythmias. The collection of papers in this eBook provides state-of-the-art insight into the world of ion channel trafficking research.

Kv11.1 channels --- Connexin43 (Cx43) --- ion channel --- arrhythmia --- TRPM4 channel --- Glycosylation --- NaV1.5 channels --- Kir2.1 channels --- trafficking --- Autophagy --- Protein complexes

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The emergence of marine and freshwater toxins in geographical areas where they have never been reported before is a concern due to the considerable impact on (sea)food contamination, and consequently, on public health. Several groups of marine biotoxins, in particular tetrodotoxins, ciguatoxins, and palytoxins, are included among the relevant marine biotoxins that have recently emerged in several coastal areas. A similar situation has been observed in freshwater, where cyanobacterial toxins, such as microcystins, could end up in unexpected areas such as the estuaries where shellfish are cultivated. Climate change and the increased availability of nutrients have been considered as the key factors in the expansion of all of these toxins into new areas; however, this could also be due to more intense biological invasions, more sensitive analytical methods, or perhaps even an increased scientific interest in these natural contaminations. The incidences of human intoxications due to the consumption of seafood contaminated with these toxins have made their study an important task to accomplish in order to protect human health. This Special Issue has a focus on a wide variety of emerging biotoxin classes and techniques to identify and quantify them.

n/a --- C-CTX-1 --- non-targeted analysis --- ciguatera fish poisoning --- suspects screening --- neurodegeneration --- adaptation --- LC-HRMS --- paralytic shellfish toxins --- LC-MS/MS --- animal toxins --- identification --- method characterization --- caribbean ciguatoxins --- oral toxicity --- water flea --- quorum sensing --- eutrophication --- beta-methyl-amino-l-alanine --- dynamics simulation --- thermal water --- spent medium --- Microcystis --- Gambierdiscus --- gambierdiscus --- whole genome sequencing --- palytoxin --- conotoxin --- ovatoxins --- cyanobacterial toxin --- BMAA --- Ciguatera fish poisoning --- Rastrineobola argentea --- calcium-activated K+ ion channel --- toxicity equivalence factor --- NMR spectroscopy --- N2a --- PPIA --- marine biotoxins --- Daphnia magna --- ELISA --- disulfide-rich peptide --- food chain --- ShK-like peptide --- voltage-gated K+ ion channel --- targeted analysis --- Chinese yellow catfish --- marine --- macaronesia --- neuroblastoma bioassay --- marine toxins --- acute toxicity --- algal–bacterial relationship --- mass spectrometry --- tetrodotoxins --- saxitoxin --- toxicology --- cationization --- seafood safety --- evolution --- cyanotoxins --- toxin genes --- zoantharian --- spatial variability --- dopaminergic neurons --- tetrodotoxin --- bivalve mollusks --- algal-bacterial relationship

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book provides an update for the rapidly developing technology known as “optogenetics”, which is the use of genetically encoded light-sensitive molecular elements (usually derived from lower organisms) to control or report various physiological and biochemical processes within the cell. Two ongoing clinical trials use optogenetic tools for vision restoration, and optogenetic strategies have been suggested as novel therapies for several neurological, psychiatric and cardiac disorders. This Special Issue comprises two reviews and seven experimental papers on different types of light-sensitive modules widely used in optogenetic studies. These papers demonstrate the efficiency and versatility of optogenetics and are expected to be equally relevant for advanced users and beginners considering using optogenetic tools in their research.

optogenetic tools --- neuroscience --- calcium sensor --- voltage sensor --- neurotransmitters --- optogenetics --- channelrhodopsins --- sodium --- calcium --- DC gate --- Optogenetics --- p53 --- AsLOV2 --- LINuS --- LEXY --- MIP --- PMI --- Chlamydomonas reinhardtii --- ion channel --- electrophysiology --- molecular dynamics simulations --- membrane-protein interaction --- energy of membrane deformation --- CTMD method, residual hydrophobic mismatch --- microbial rhodopsin --- channelrhodopsin --- membrane current --- hippocampal neurons --- light stimulation --- channelrhodopsin-2 --- photoreceptor --- BLUF --- modular domain --- resonance Raman --- flash photolysis --- hybrid QM/MM simulation --- two-photon --- azobenzene --- photoswitch --- photoswitching --- photocontrol --- all-optical electrophysiology --- microbial rhodopsins --- ion channels --- LOV domains --- membrane potential --- intracellular trafficking --- protein–protein interaction --- signaling