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Prehistoric human life is a common reference point in contemporary culture, inspiring attempts to become happier, healthier, better people. Back to the Stone Age explores how ideas about race are tightly woven into the prehistoric imagination, revealing insights into present-day anxieties and showing that the human past is not set in stone.

Antiquities, Prehistoric. --- Human beings --- Popular culture. --- Race. --- Origin. --- Anthropocene. --- Belonging. --- Brexit. --- Cheddar Man. --- DNA. --- Difference. --- Homo sapiens. --- Neanderthals. --- Neolithic. --- Piltdown. --- Racism. --- Stonehenge. --- affect. --- ancestry. --- capitalism. --- caveman. --- citizenship. --- civilization. --- climate crisis. --- colonialism. --- deep time. --- environment. --- evolution. --- extinction. --- feminism. --- gender. --- genetics. --- hunter-gatherer. --- imperialism. --- indigenous. --- landscape. --- lifestyle. --- mannequins. --- megaliths. --- nationalism. --- nature. --- paleo. --- paleolithic. --- popular culture. --- postcolonial. --- prehistoric. --- primitivism. --- representation. --- species. --- survival. --- time travel. --- tribes. --- whiteness.

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One of the great intellectual battles of modern times is between evolution and religion. Until now, they have been considered completely irreconcilable theories of origin and existence. David Sloan Wilson's Darwin's Cathedral takes the radical step of joining the two, in the process proposing an evolutionary theory of religion that shakes both evolutionary biology and social theory at their foundations. The key, argues Wilson, is to think of society as an organism, an old idea that has received new life based on recent developments in evolutionary biology. If society is an organism, can we then think of morality and religion as biologically and culturally evolved adaptations that enable human groups to function as single units rather than mere collections of individuals? Wilson brings a variety of evidence to bear on this question, from both the biological and social sciences. From Calvinism in sixteenth-century Geneva to Balinese water temples, from hunter-gatherer societies to urban America, Wilson demonstrates how religions have enabled people to achieve by collective action what they never could do alone. He also includes a chapter considering forgiveness from an evolutionary perspective and concludes by discussing how all social organizations, including science, could benefit by incorporating elements of religion. Religious believers often compare their communities to single organisms and even to insect colonies. Astoundingly, Wilson shows that they might be literally correct. Intended for any educated reader, Darwin's Cathedral will change forever the way we view the relations among evolution, religion, and human society.

Philosophy and psychology of culture --- Religion and sociology. --- Group selection (Evolution) --- Evolution (Biology) --- Population biology --- Religion and society --- Religious sociology --- Society and religion --- Sociology, Religious --- Sociology and religion --- Sociology of religion --- Sociology --- Religion and sociology --- 316:2 --- 316:2 Godsdienstsociologie --- Godsdienstsociologie --- Group selection (Evolution). --- evolutionary, evolution, adaptation, survival, religion, faith, belief, nature, society, social studies, biology, anthropology, anthropologist, academic, scholarly, research, religious, christian, christianity, controversial, controversy, debate, intelligent design, origin, theory, theoretical, interdisciplinary, organism, morality, cultural, culture, history, historical, 16th century, calvinism, hunter gatherer, urban, america, western, selection.

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For decades, conservation and research initiatives in tropical forests have focused almost exclusively on old-growth forests because scientists believed that these "pristine" ecosystems housed superior levels of biodiversity. With Second Growth, Robin L. Chazdon reveals those assumptions to be largely false, bringing to the fore the previously overlooked counterpart to old-growth forest: second growth. Even as human activities result in extensive fragmentation and deforestation, tropical forests demonstrate a great capacity for natural and human-aided regeneration. Although these damaged landscapes can take centuries to regain the characteristics of old growth, Chazdon shows here that regenerating-or second-growth-forests are vital, dynamic reservoirs of biodiversity and environmental services. What is more, they always have been. With chapters on the roles these forests play in carbon and nutrient cycling, sustaining biodiversity, providing timber and non-timber products, and integrated agriculture, Second Growth not only offers a thorough and wide-ranging overview of successional and restoration pathways, but also underscores the need to conserve, and further study, regenerating tropical forests in an attempt to inspire a new age of local and global stewardship.

Reforestation. --- Forest ecology. --- Forest ecosystems --- Forests and forestry --- Ecology --- Forestation --- Reafforestation --- Forest conservation --- Revegetation --- Afforestation --- Tree planting --- Tropics --- Equatorial regions --- Equatorial zones --- Subtropical regions --- Subtropics --- Tropical regions --- Tropical zones --- Zones, Equatorial --- Zones, Tropical --- Earth (Planet) --- Ecology. --- Tropical forests --- Natural regeneration --- Deforestation --- History --- Regenerative ability --- Forest management --- forest, nature, regeneration, deforestation, environment, conservation, tropics, ecology, science, old growth, biodiversity, ecosystem, landscapes, carbon cycling, nutrients, succession, degradation, timber, agriculture, commodities, holocene, climate variability, global warming, nonfiction, stewardship, reforestation, hydrology, water, natural resources, hurricanes, fire, wind damage, riverbank, logging, animal abundance, hunter gatherer, soil, seed dispersal, pollination.

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Why do humans, uniquely among animals, cooperate in large numbers to advance projects for the common good? Contrary to the conventional wisdom in biology and economics, this generous and civic-minded behavior is widespread and cannot be explained simply by far-sighted self-interest or a desire to help close genealogical kin. In A Cooperative Species, Samuel Bowles and Herbert Gintis--pioneers in the new experimental and evolutionary science of human behavior--show that the central issue is not why selfish people act generously, but instead how genetic and cultural evolution has produced a species in which substantial numbers make sacrifices to uphold ethical norms and to help even total strangers. The authors describe how, for thousands of generations, cooperation with fellow group members has been essential to survival. Groups that created institutions to protect the civic-minded from exploitation by the selfish flourished and prevailed in conflicts with less cooperative groups. Key to this process was the evolution of social emotions such as shame and guilt, and our capacity to internalize social norms so that acting ethically became a personal goal rather than simply a prudent way to avoid punishment. Using experimental, archaeological, genetic, and ethnographic data to calibrate models of the coevolution of genes and culture as well as prehistoric warfare and other forms of group competition, A Cooperative Species provides a compelling and novel account of how humans came to be moral and cooperative.

Cooperation. --- Cooperativeness. --- Behavior evolution. --- Behavioral evolution --- Cooperation (Psychology) --- Collaborative economy --- Cooperative distribution --- Cooperative movement --- Distribution, Cooperative --- Peer-to-peer economy --- Sharing economy --- Evolutionary psychology --- Social psychology --- Economics --- Profit-sharing --- Cooperation --- Cooperativeness --- Behavior evolution --- E-books --- Australia. --- altruism. --- altruistic cooperation. --- altruistic punishment. --- ancestral humans. --- behavior. --- beliefs. --- coevolution. --- common good. --- constraints. --- coordinated punishment. --- correlated equilibrium. --- costly signaling. --- cultural transmission. --- culture. --- early humans. --- equilibrium selection. --- ethical norms. --- evolution. --- evolutionary dynamics. --- fitness-reducing norm. --- fitness. --- folk theorem. --- foragers. --- free-riders. --- free-riding. --- gene-culture coevolution. --- genetic differentiation. --- genetic inheritance. --- group competition. --- group membership. --- guilt. --- helping behavior. --- hostility. --- human cooperation. --- hunter-gatherer society. --- inclusive fitness. --- indirect reciprocity. --- institutions. --- intergroup conflict. --- internalization. --- multi-level selection. --- norms. --- parochial altruism. --- parochialism. --- peer pressure. --- phenotypic expression. --- positive assortment. --- preferences. --- prehistoric human society. --- private information. --- prosocial behavior. --- public goods game. --- public information. --- punishment. --- reciprocal altruism. --- repeated game. --- reproductive leveling. --- sacrifice. --- selective extinction. --- self-interest. --- shame. --- social behavior. --- social dilemmas. --- social emotions. --- social institutions. --- social interactions. --- social norms. --- social order. --- social preferences. --- socialization. --- sociobiology. --- strong reciprocity. --- within-group segmentation.

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When Spanish explorers and missionaries came onto Southern California's shores in 1769, they encountered the large towns and villages of the Chumash, a people who at that time were among the most advanced hunter-gatherer societies in the world. The Spanish were entertained and fed at lavish feasts hosted by chiefs who ruled over the settlements and who participated in extensive social and economic networks. In this first modern synthesis of data from the Chumash heartland, Lynn H. Gamble weaves together multiple sources of evidence to re-create the rich tapestry of Chumash society. Drawing from archaeology, historical documents, ethnography, and ecology, she describes daily life in the large mainland towns, focusing on Chumash culture, household organization, politics, economy, warfare, and more.

Chumash Indians --- Indians of North America --- American aborigines --- American Indians --- First Nations (North America) --- Indians of the United States --- Indigenous peoples --- Native Americans --- North American Indians --- Chumashan Indians --- Santa Barbara Indians --- Ventureno Chumashan Indians --- History. --- Social life and customs. --- First contact with Europeans --- Culture --- Ethnology --- California --- Spain --- Espagne --- Espainiako Erresuma --- España --- Espanha --- Espanja --- Espanya --- Estado Español --- Hispania --- Hiszpania --- Isupania --- Kingdom of Spain --- Regne d'Espanya --- Reiaume d'Espanha --- Reino de España --- Reino d'Espanya --- Reinu d'España --- Sefarad --- Sepharad --- Shpanie --- Shpanye --- Spanien --- Spanish State --- Supein --- イスパニア --- スペイン --- Alta California (Province) --- CA --- Cal. --- Cali. --- Calif. --- Californias (Province) --- CF --- Chia-chou --- Departamento de Californias --- Kʻaellipʻonia --- Kʻaellipʻonia-ju --- Kʻaellipʻoniaju --- Kalifornii --- Kalifornii︠a︡ --- Kalifornija --- Ḳalifornyah --- Ḳalifornye --- Kālīfūrniyā --- Kaliphornia --- Karapōnia --- Kariforunia --- Kariforunia-shū --- Medinat Ḳalifornyah --- Politeia tēs Kaliphornias --- Provincia de Californias --- Shtat Kalifornii︠a︡ --- State of California --- Upper California --- Πολιτεία της Καλιφόρνιας --- Καλιφόρνια --- Штат Каліфорнія --- Калифорния --- Калифорнија --- Калифорнии --- Каліфорнія --- קאליפארניע --- קליפורניה --- מדינת קליפורניה --- كاليفورنيا --- カリフォルニア --- カリフォルニア州 --- 캘리포니아 --- 캘리포니아 주 --- 캘리포니아주 --- Discovery and exploration. --- History --- Colonies --- Administration. --- First contact with other peoples --- Chumash Indians -- History.. --- Chumash Indians -- Social life and customs.. --- Indians of North America -- First contact with Europeans -- California.. --- California -- Discovery and exploration.. --- California -- History -- To 1846.. --- Spain -- Colonies -- America -- Administration. --- 18th century american history. --- anthropology. --- archeology. --- california. --- chiefs. --- chumash culture. --- chumash society. --- chumash. --- cultural studies. --- ecology. --- economic networks. --- economy. --- ethnography. --- historical. --- history. --- household organization. --- hunter gatherer society. --- indigenous peoples. --- indigenous societies. --- native americans. --- native peoples. --- north american cultures. --- politics. --- power. --- social networks. --- southern california. --- spanish empire. --- spanish explorers. --- spanish imperialism. --- spanish missionaries. --- trade. --- voyages. --- warfare.