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This book, the first to consider Gerard Manley Hopkins as an ecological writer, explores the dimension that social ecology offers to an ecocriticism hitherto dominated by romantic nature writing. The case for a ‘green Hopkins’ is made through a paradigm of ‘Victorian Ecology’ that expands the scope of existing studies in Victorian literature and science. Parham argues that Hopkins developed a two-fold understanding of ecology – as a scientific philosophy constructed around ecosystems theory; and as a corresponding theory of society organised around the sustainable use of energy – as well as a corresponding poetic practice. In a radical new reading of the poems, he suggests that Hopkins translated an innovative nature poetry, in which rhythm conveyed a nature characterised by dialectical energy exchange, into a social ‘ecopoetry’ that embodied the environmental impact of Victorian ‘risk’ society on its human population. Located within a ‘Victorian ecological imagination’ that fused romanticism and pragmatism, the book views Hopkins’ work as indicating the value of reconciling a deep ecological assertion of the intrinsic value of (nonhuman) nature with social ecology’s more pragmatic attempts to critique and re-conceptualise human life.

Hopkins, Gerard Manley, --- Hopkins, G. M. --- Hopkins, Manley, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Hopkins, Gerard Manley

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English poetry --- History and criticism. --- Hopkins, Gerard Manley, --- Hopkins, G. M. --- Hopkins, Manley, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Hopkins, Gerard Manley

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General Manley Hopkins was not alone among Victorians in his attention to the human self and to the particularities of things in the world around him, where he savoured the ‘selving or ‘inscape’ of each individual existent. But the intensity of his interest in the self, as a focus of exuberant joy as well as sometimes of anguish, both in his poetry and his prose, marks him out as unique even among his contemporaries. In these studies Professor Ong explores some previously unexamined reasons for Hopkins’ uniqueness, including unsuspected connections between nineteenth-century sensibility and certain substructures of Christian belief.Hopkins was less interested in self-discovery or self-concept than in what might be called the confrontational or obtrusive self – the ‘I,’ ultimately nameless, that each person wakes up to in the morning to find simply there, directly or indirectly present in every moment of consciousness. Hopkins’ concern with the self grew out of a nineteenth-century sensibility which was to give birth to modernity and postmodernity, and which in his case as a Jesuit was especially nourished by the Spiritual Exercises of St Ignatius Loyola, concerned at root with the self, free choice, and free self-giving. It was also nourished by the Christian belief in the Three Persons in One God, central to Hopkins’ theology courses and personal speculation, and very notable in the Special Exercises. Hopkins appropriated and intensified his Christian beliefs with new nineteenth-century awareness: he writes of the ‘selving’ in God of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Hopkins’ pastoral work, particularly in the confessional, dealing directly with other selves in terms of their free decisions, also gave further force to his preoccupation with the self and freedom. ‘What I do,’ he writes, ‘is me.’Besides being concerned with the self, the most particular of particulars and the paradigm of all sense of ‘presence,’ the Spiritual Exercises in many ways attend to other particularities with an insistence that has drawn lengthy and rather impassioned commentary from the postmodern literary theorist Roland Barthes.Hopkins’ distinctive and often precocious attention to the self and freedom puts him theologically far ahead of many of his fellow Catholics and other fellow Victorians, and gives him his permanent relevance to the modern and postmodern world.

820 "18" HOPKINS, GERARD MANLEY --- Engelse literatuur--19e eeuw. Periode 1800-1899--HOPKINS, GERARD MANLEY --- 820 "18" HOPKINS, GERARD MANLEY Engelse literatuur--19e eeuw. Periode 1800-1899--HOPKINS, GERARD MANLEY --- Christian poetry, English --- Catholics --- Poetry --- Self in literature. --- God in literature. --- History and criticism. --- Intellectual life. --- Psychological aspects. --- Hopkins, Gerard Manley, --- Criticism and interpretation. --- Hopkins, G. M. --- Hopkins, Manley, --- Hopkins, Gerard Manley --- England. --- Angleterre --- Anglii͡ --- Anglija --- Engeland --- Inghilterra --- Inglaterra

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In his lifetime, Gerard Manley Hopkins was known as a poet only by a small circle of his friends. More than any other major Victorian writer, he was recovered and presented as a poet to modern readers by editors and scholars of the first half of the twentieth century. This book analyzes how and to what extent the presuppositions of these critics have dictated the modern conception of Hopkins's work. Bender seeks to dispel, once and for all, the notion that Hopkins was a naïf poet. He provides an analysis of classical Greek and Latin rhetoric relative to the classical background of Hopkins's style and the structure in his poetry. He maintains that especially in Hopkins's more extreme work, such as "The Wreck of the Deutschland," there are precedents for the structure of the poem itself, the structure of the sentences within the poem, and its sensual and obscure imagery in the classical literature that Hopkins knew so well. Bender's study suggests two highly controversial positons: first, that although Hopkins is one of the most original voices in English, his poetry is within a tradition insufficiently recognized by modern critics; and second, that the effect of careful and sympathetic study of classical literature can induce quite the opposite of a neoclassical style in English.

English poetry --- Catholics --- Classicism --- Christian poetry, English --- Classical influences. --- Intellectual life. --- History --- History and criticism. --- Hopkins, Gerard Manley, --- Knowledge and learning. --- Criticism and interpretation --- History. --- Literature: history & criticism

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English philology --- Christian poetry, English --- English language --- Catholics --- English Literature --- English --- Languages & Literatures --- Catholic learning and scholarship --- Germanic philology --- English Christian poetry --- English poetry --- History. --- History and criticism. --- History --- Style. --- Intellectual life. --- History and criticism --- Style --- Intellectual life --- Hopkins, Gerard Manley, --- Hopkins, G. M. --- Hopkins, Manley, --- Language. --- Hopkins, Gerard Manley --- Germanic languages