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This second volume of the Special Issue includes 13 contributions, from across the world, with very interesting research topics such as: Energy Intensity Reduction; Large-Scale Non-Residential Buildings; Dynamic Control of HVAC with Heat Pumps; Reed Potential as a Regenerative Building Material and Their Performance Characterisation; Experimental Evaluation of Energy-Efficiency in a Holistically Designed Building; A Case Study of Design and Energy Performance Analysis of a Hotel Building in a Hot and Dry Climate; Internal Convective and Radiative Heat Transfer Coefficients for a Vertical Wall in a Residential Building; Passive Façade Performance Evaluation with Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) during the Architectural Design Process; Thermal Performance Improvement of Double-Pane Lightweight Steel Framed (LSF) Walls Using Thermal Break Strips (TBS) and Reflective Foils; Energy Performance of Buildings with Thermochromic Windows in Mediterranean Climates; Energy Performance and Benchmarking for University Classrooms in Hot and Humid Climates; Effect of HVAC’s Management on Indoor Thermo-Hygrometric Comfort and Energy Balance: In Situ Assessments on a Real nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB); Stochastic-Based Optimisation Approach towards the Integration of Photovoltaic Panels in Multi-Residential Social Housing; Effect of Climate Change and Occupant Behaviour on the Environmental Impact of the Heating/Cooling Systems of a Real Apartment: A Parametric Study through Life Cycle Assessment; Road Thermal Collector for Building Heating in South Europe (Italy): Numerical Modeling and Design of an Experimental Set-Up.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- energy efficiency improvement --- HVAC operation --- dynamic optimization --- sustainability --- reed (Arundo donax) --- material characterisation --- natural materials --- vernacular architecture --- holistic --- energy management system --- sustainable --- building performance --- thermal performance --- indoor comfort --- energy performance --- design parameters --- energy simulation --- building envelope --- convection --- radiation --- heat transfer coefficient --- correlation --- climate-adaptive building shells --- sustainable design --- energy efficiency --- shape-memory alloy --- climate change --- experimental assessment --- double-pane --- lightweight steel frame (LSF) --- partition walls --- aerogel thermal break strips --- aluminium reflective foils --- thermochromic coatings --- solar transmittance --- solar reflectance --- Energy Use Intensity --- higher education buildings --- energy consumption --- benchmarking --- hot and humid climates --- EnergyPlus --- nZEB --- HVAC management --- monitoring campaign --- load matching --- computational fluid dynamics --- social housing --- energy demand --- energy refurbishment --- internal gains --- occupation rate --- life cycle cost --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- ReCiPe indicator --- global warming potential (GWP) indicator --- environmental impact --- heating and cooling systems --- occupant behaviour --- road thermal collector --- borehole thermal storage --- alternative energy system

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This reprint is a continuation of our previous reprint “Sustainable agricultural, biological, and environmental engineering applications” [ISBN 978-3-0365-2921-9], which was published in January 2022. The reprint contains research and review works focused on agricultural engineering technologies and applications. In this regard, the reprint covers topics including agricultural storage, quality evaluation of fruits, evaporative cooling and desiccant systems, solar coffee roasting, solar yogurt processing, greenhouse environment, greenhouse ventilation, greenhouse thermal requirements, aquaculture production system, bioreactor landfill, waste management, fertilization reduction in agriculture, sustainable porous surfaces, simulation and modeling, artificial intelligence, and machine learning. Such agricultural engineering studies are urgently needed in the 21st century, particularly from the perspective of the agriculture–energy–food security nexus.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Technology, engineering, agriculture --- greenhouse --- microclimate --- Bayesian optimization --- deep neural network --- roses yield --- Gaussian process --- gradient boosting --- pool boiling heat transfer coefficient --- sintered coated porous surfaces --- gaussian process --- gradient boosting regression trees --- response surface --- renovation index --- CFD simulation --- airflow --- evaporative cooling --- desiccant dehumidification --- agricultural storage --- air conditioning --- system performance --- lemon cordial --- microwave --- preservation --- green processing --- antioxidant potential --- renewable energy --- Scheffler concentrator reflector --- batch-type solar roaster --- response surface methodology --- coffee roasting --- municipal solid waste --- sanitary landfill --- open dumps --- waste to energy --- climate change --- yogurt processing --- solar energy --- solar-based heating and cooling --- thermal analysis --- vegetable yield --- nitrogen use efficiency --- nutrient leaching --- leaching-to-input ratio --- nitrogen fertilizer economic benefit --- environment --- eutrophication --- particulate fraction --- effluent --- treatment --- thermal screens --- heating demand --- TRNSYS --- greenhouse internal temperature --- building energy simulation --- longwave radiation --- soil total nitrogen --- BP neural network --- support vector machines --- spatial distribution --- remote sensing

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This reprint focuses on experiments, modellings, and simulations of heat transfer and fluid flow. Flowing media comprise single- or two-phase fluids that can be both compressible and incompressible. The reprint presents unique experiments and solutions to problems of scientific and industrial relevance in the transportation of natural resources, technical devices, industrial processes, etc. In the presented works, the formulated physical and mathematical models together with their boundary and initial conditions and numerical computation methods for constitutive equations lead to solutions for selected examples in engineering.

hydraulic transients --- water hammer --- viscoelasticity --- cross-section change --- fluidic oscillator --- bending angle --- frequency --- pressure drop --- peak velocity ratio --- aerodynamic analyses --- unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations --- natural convection --- van der Waals gas --- analytical solution --- heat transfer in non-Newtonian slurry --- damping of turbulence --- Nusselt number for slurry --- heat pipe heat exchanger --- wickless heat pipe --- heat transfer --- individually finned tubes --- heat transfer analysis --- non-contacting mechanical face seal --- variable order derivative integral transform --- ribbed channel --- large eddy simulation --- immersed boundary method --- conjugate heat transfer --- thermal conductivity ratio --- retarded strain --- cavitation --- unsteady friction --- method of characteristics --- vortex generator --- arrangement --- numerical simulation --- plate-fin and tube heat exchanger --- air-side Nusselt number --- different heat transfer coefficient in particular tube row --- mathematical simulation --- CFD simulation --- labyrinth seal --- leakage --- design method --- kinetic energy --- inverse problem --- steam turbines --- gas turbines --- fluid-flow machines --- electric vehicle --- battery thermal management system --- optimization --- lattice Boltzmann method --- hydrostatic transmission --- hydrostatic transmission start up --- hydraulic drive --- n/a

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This book, entitled “The Green Energy Technology”, covers technologies, products, equipment, and devices, as well as energy services, based on software and data protected by patents and/or trademarks. The recent trends underline the principles of a circular economy such as sustainable product design, extending the product’s lifecycle, reusability, and recycling. These are highly related to climate change and environmental impact, and limited natural resources require scientific research and novel technical solutions. This book will serve as a collection of the latest scientific and technological approaches to “green”—i.e., environmentally friendly and sustainable—technologies. While the focus is on energy and bioenergy, it also covers "green" solutions in all aspects of industrial engineering. Green Energy Technology addresses researchers, advanced students, technical consultants and decision-makers in industries and politics. This book is a comprehensive overview and in-depth technical research paper addressing recent progress in Green Energy Technology. We hope that readers will enjoy reading this book.

esterification --- biodiesel --- noncatalytic reaction --- kinetic --- microwave irradiation --- bioenergy --- energy saving --- daylight --- heat flux reduction --- illumination --- CIE standard --- deep dynamic stall --- passive vortex generators --- wind turbine airfoil --- URANS simulations --- socio-technical transition --- strateg0ic niche management --- clean energy technologies --- argumentative discourse analysis --- innovation policy --- regional electricity market --- energy security --- energy efficiency --- energy sustainability --- ASEAN --- electricity liberalisation --- electricity unbundling --- TRACE --- MARS-KS --- PSBT --- void fraction --- crossflow --- circulating fluidized bed --- adsorption --- activated carbon --- phenol --- glass beads --- green supply chain --- value co-creation --- firm performance --- waste plastic oil (WPO) --- engine performance --- renewable gasoline --- pyrolysis --- Energy hybridization --- hydropower --- wind energy --- solar energy --- rural areas --- 100% Renewable grid --- energy harvesting --- electromagnetic generator --- energy floor tile --- power management system --- footstep energy harvesting --- piezoelectric --- energy harvesting paver --- hydrogen blending --- natural gas networks --- power-to-hydrogen --- hydrogen and compressed natural gas --- renewable energy --- hydrogen strategy --- water --- floatovoltaic --- photovoltaic --- energy water nexus --- dual use --- water conservation --- FPV --- floating photovoltaic --- wave energy converter --- hydraulic power take-off unit --- parameter estimation --- genetic algorithm --- non-linear programming by quadratic Lagrangian --- light pipe --- light transmission --- daylight factor --- small-scale --- success factor --- community renewable energy --- sustainable energy --- print circuit heat exchanger --- PCHE --- efficiency --- nusselt number --- heat transfer coefficient --- NTU value --- thermal performance --- n/a

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Energy is a fundamental social need and plays an essential role in driving economic growth. The emerging economy requires the support of a reliable, affordable, and energy system with low carbon emissions and air pollutants. System design is important in facilitating sustainable development. Various works that aspire to promote sustainable system design by addressing the issues of enhancing energy and environmental performance were presented in the Special Issue (SI) of the 22nd Conference on Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction (PRES’19). The contribution can be categorised into four topics focused on modelling, simulation, optimisation, and assessment studies, on the topics of: (a) heat integration and heat transfer, (b) integrated and newly developed heat exchangers, (c) integration of renewables (d) roles in economic and environmental sustainability. This book is complemented with an editorial review, to highlight the broader state-of-the-art development.

Process Integration --- heat pumps --- Joule cycle heat pump --- Pinch Analysis --- evaporation --- condensation --- surface-enhanced tube --- heat transfer coefficient --- fossil-intensive industrial processes --- decarbonization technologies --- reactive absorption/adsorption CO2 capture systems --- modeling --- simulation --- and process integration --- techno-economic and environmental assessments --- improved superstructure --- HENs --- utility system --- steam heater --- MINLP --- heat exchanger network (HEN) --- retrofit --- flexibility --- optimization --- critical points --- multi-period --- flow distribution --- process and power industry equipment --- finite element analysis --- waste-originated feedstock --- isomerization --- biogasoline --- benzene-free --- increased octane number --- CFD modelling --- heat treatment process --- industrial furnaces --- natural gas substitution --- syngas co-firing --- biofuel --- bioenergy --- supply chain --- Malaysia --- Indonesia --- Thailand --- interdisciplinary --- integrated assessment --- gravity-driven particle flow --- discrete element method --- heat transfer enhancement --- acrylic acid --- propylene oxidation --- multitubular reactor --- biowaste --- waste-to-energy --- composting --- fermentation --- greenhouse gases --- global warming potential --- energy-related carbon emissions --- carbon flow --- Sankey diagrams --- structural changes --- TRO index --- energy allocation analysis --- energy system --- exergy footprint --- sustainability --- process systems engineering --- exergy accounting --- desalination --- multi-effect distillation --- multi-stage flash --- mechanical vapor compression --- reverse osmosis --- renewable energy --- waste materials --- sewage sludge --- riverbank grass --- rumen fluid --- pretreatment of waste --- determination of parameters --- biomass boilers --- fuel cell --- solar thermal --- electrode boiler --- steam systems --- food processing industry --- decarbonisation --- energy costs --- Shifted Retrofit Thermodynamic Grid Diagram (SRTGD) --- type selection --- CO2 emissions --- electricity planning --- CO2 Constrained Energy Planning (CCEP) --- approaches for CCEP --- aluminum products --- ammonia synthesis --- plate heat exchanger --- heat transfer --- multi-pass arrangement --- optimal design --- energy efficiency --- environmental sustainability --- heat integration --- economic sustainability --- optimisation and modelling tools --- Acree model --- dielectric constant --- ethanol --- impedance --- King and Queen model --- microwave heating --- binary mixtures --- NaCl --- permittivity --- water