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The book presents a solution for direct and inverse heat conduction problems. In the first part, the authors discuss the theoretical basis for the heat transfer process. In the second part, they present selected theoretical and numerical problems in the form of exercises with their subsequent solutions. Such layout of the book will allow the reader to become more familiar with step-by-step calculation methods and with the practical application of the equations to the solution of design and utilization problems of thermal machinery. It will also help to master complex mathematics behind the heat transfer theory. The book covers one-, two- and three dimensional problems which are solved by using exact and approximate analytical methods and numerical methods such as: the finite difference method, the finite volume method, the finite element method and the boundary method. Unlike other books on the subject, the superposition method is thoroughly presented. Particular attention is paid to the solution of inverse heat conduction problems. The authors took special care that the solved inverse problems can be implemented in indirect measurements of boundary heat flux and heat transfer coefficient. Included in this text is the determination of optimal fluid temperature changes during heating and cooling of solids. In great detail the problems of temperature transients caused by both moveable and immovable heat sources is discussed. They analyze the melting and freezing processes, including the freezing of food products. Moreover, they use computing programs written in Fortran language for solving mathematical equations. The book content is strengthened by additional materials presented at the back of the book, which include, among others, the description of basic mathematical functions characteristic of heat transfer problems, calculation of the inverse Laplace transformation, the property tables for stable thermophysical bodies and shape coefficients for isothermal surfaces of various shapes and programs that are typically used for solving differential equations. This book is strongly recommended for undergraduate and PhD students, researchers and academics of Power, Process, Mechanical and Environmental Engineering Faculties. The book should also appeal to those who conduct research in the area of thermal engineering, house-heating, air-conditioning systems and cooling processes, combustion engines and welding technology.

Engineering. --- Engineering Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer. --- Engineering Fluid Dynamics. --- Thermodynamics. --- Hydraulic engineering. --- Ingénierie --- Thermodynamique --- Technologie hydraulique --- Heat -- Conduction -- Mathematical models. --- Inverse problems (Differential equations). --- Science. --- Heat --- Inverse problems (Differential equations) --- Physics --- Mechanical Engineering --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Thermodynamics --- Mechanical Engineering - General --- Conduction --- Mathematical models --- Mathematical models. --- Heat engineering. --- Heat transfer. --- Mass transfer. --- Fluid mechanics. --- Differential equations --- Electromagnetic waves --- Cold --- Combustion --- Fire --- Temperature --- Thermochemistry --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Dynamics --- Mechanics --- Heat-engines --- Quantum theory --- Engineering, Hydraulic --- Engineering --- Fluid mechanics --- Hydraulics --- Shore protection --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology --- Hydromechanics --- Continuum mechanics --- Mass transport (Physics) --- Transport theory --- Heat transfer --- Thermal transfer --- Transmission of heat --- Energy transfer --- Mechanical engineering

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Complex systems with symmetry arise in many fields, at various length scales, including financial markets, social, transportation, telecommunication and power grid networks, world and country economies, ecosystems, molecular dynamics, immunology, living organisms, computational systems, and celestial and continuum mechanics. The emergence of new orders and structures in complex systems means symmetry breaking and transitions from unstable to stable states. Modeling complexity has attracted many researchers from different areas, dealing both with theoretical concepts and practical applications. This Special Issue fills the gap between the theory of symmetry-based dynamics and its application to model and analyze complex systems.

multi-agent system (MAS) --- reinforcement learning (RL) --- mobile robots --- function approximation --- Opportunistic complex social network --- cooperative --- neighbor node --- probability model --- social relationship --- adapted PageRank algorithm --- PageRank vector --- networks centrality --- multiplex networks --- biplex networks --- divided difference --- radius of convergence --- Kung–Traub method --- local convergence --- Lipschitz constant --- Banach space --- fractional calculus --- Caputo derivative --- generalized Fourier law --- Laplace transform --- Fourier transform --- Mittag–Leffler function --- non-Fourier heat conduction --- Mei symmetry --- conserved quantity --- adiabatic invariant --- quasi-fractional dynamical system --- non-standard Lagrangians --- complex systems --- symmetry-breaking --- bifurcation theory --- complex networks --- nonlinear dynamical systems

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The problem of solving complex engineering problems has always been a major topic in all industrial fields, such as aerospace, civil and mechanical engineering. The use of numerical methods has increased exponentially in the last few years, due to modern computers in the field of structural mechanics. Moreover, a wide range of numerical methods have been presented in the literature for solving such problems. Structural mechanics problems are dealt with using partial differential systems of equations that might be solved by following the two main classes of methods: Domain-decomposition methods or the so-called finite element methods and mesh-free methods where no decomposition is carried out. Both methodologies discretize a partial differential system into a set of algebraic equations that can be easily solved by computer implementation. The aim of the present Special Issue is to present a collection of recent works on these themes and a comparison of the novel advancements of both worlds in structural mechanics applications.

direction field --- tensor line --- principal stress --- tailored fiber placement --- heat conduction --- finite elements --- space-time --- elastodynamics --- mesh adaptation --- non-circular deep tunnel --- complex variables --- conformal mapping --- elasticity --- numerical simulation --- numerical modeling --- joint static strength --- finite element method --- parametric investigation --- reinforced joint (collar and doubler plate) --- nonlocal elasticity theory --- Galerkin weighted residual FEM --- silicon carbide nanowire --- silver nanowire --- gold nanowire --- biostructure --- rostrum --- paddlefish --- Polyodon spathula --- maximum-flow/minimum-cut --- stress patterns --- finite element modelling --- laminated composite plates --- non-uniform mechanical properties --- panel method --- marine propeller --- noise --- FW-H equations --- experimental test --- continuation methods --- bifurcations --- limit points --- cohesive elements --- functionally graded materials --- porosity distributions --- first-order shear deformation theory --- shear correction factor --- higher-order shear deformation theory --- equivalent single-layer approach --- n/a

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This book presents collective works published in the recent Special Issue (SI) entitled "Aero/Hydrodynamics and Symmetry". These works address the existence of symmetry and its breakdown in aero-/hydro-dynamics and their related applications. The presented problems are complex nonlinear, non-Newtonian fluid flow problems that are (in some cases) coupled with heat transfer, phase change, nanofluidic, and magnetohydrodynamics phenomena. The applications vary and range from polymer chain transfer in micro-channel to the evaluation of vertical axis wind turbines, as well as autonomous underwater hovering vehicles. Recent advances in numerical, theoretical, and experimental methodologies, as well as finding new physics, new methodological developments, and their limitations are presented within the scope of the current book. Among others, in the presented works, special attention is paid to validation and improving the accuracy of the presented methodologies. This book brings together a collection of inter-/multi-disciplinary works applied to many engineering applications in a coherent manner.

Savonius vertical axis wind turbine --- horizontal overlap ratio --- vertical overlap ratio --- torque coefficient --- power coefficient --- Advection–diffusion --- fractional derivative --- concentrated source --- integral transform --- Burgers’ fluid --- velocity field --- shear stress --- Laplace transform --- modified Bessel function --- Stehfest’s algorithm --- MATHCAD --- electroosmotic flow --- power law fluid --- nanoparticles --- MHD --- entropy generation --- convergence analysis --- residual error --- autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) --- airborne-launched AUV --- autonomous underwater hovering vehicle (AUH) --- water entry impact force --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- two-phase flow --- Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) --- Autonomous Underwater Hovering Vehicle (AUH) --- hydrodynamic interaction --- response amplitude operator (RAO) --- wave effects --- symmetric flying wing --- plasma flow control --- energy --- stall --- dimensionless frequency --- particle image velocimetry --- SA–NaAlg fluid --- porosity --- fractional model --- Atangana–Baleanu derivative --- large eddy simulation --- subgrid scale model --- diffuser --- dynamic one equation model --- Vreman model --- separation --- heat conduction --- non-fourier --- solution structure theorems --- superposition approach --- Buongiorno model --- unsteady flow --- nanoliquid --- special third-grade liquid --- non-linear thermal radiation --- magneto hydro-dynamics (MHD) --- dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) --- Hartmann number (Ha-value) --- harmony bond coefficient or spring constant (K)

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Geothermal energy is the thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth's core, mantle, and crust. Geothermal technologies are used to generate electricity and to heat and cool buildings. To develop accurate models for heat and mass transfer applications involving fluid flow in geothermal applications or reservoir engineering and petroleum industries, a basic knowledge of the rheological and transport properties of the materials involved (drilling fluid, rock properties, etc.)—especially in high-temperature and high-pressure environments—are needed. This Special Issue considers all aspects of fluid flow and heat transfer in geothermal applications, including the ground heat exchanger, conduction and convection in porous media. The emphasis here is on mathematical and computational aspects of fluid flow in conventional and unconventional reservoirs, geothermal engineering, fluid flow, and heat transfer in drilling engineering and enhanced oil recovery (hydraulic fracturing, CO2 injection, etc.) applications.

karst carbonate reservoir --- fracture compressibility --- enhanced gas recovery --- cost of electricity (COE) --- microstructure --- permeability --- CO2 permeability --- ammonia --- shale oil --- process simulation --- aquifer support --- spatiotemporal characteristics --- semi-analytical solution --- injection orientation --- CO2 diffusion --- wellbore temperature --- fluid front kinetics --- nest of tubes --- supercritical CO2 --- multiple parallel fractures --- multifractal theory --- real-scale --- techno-economic model --- fractal --- inter-well connectivity --- apparent permeability --- heat transfer --- porous media --- multiple structural units (MSU) --- coupled heat conduction and advection --- diffusion --- bottom-hole pressure --- tight reservoir --- ventilation --- surface diffusion --- unsteady process --- underground coal gasification (UCG) --- dynamic crack tip --- mercury intrusion porosimetry --- energy conservation analysis --- methanol --- comprehensive heat transfer model --- pressure fluctuations --- production optimization --- numerical simulation --- percolation model --- rheology --- drilling --- AE energy --- pipeline network --- natural gas --- huff-‘n-puff --- cement --- viscosity --- mathematical modeling --- enhanced geothermal systems --- cement slurries --- yield stress --- non-Newtonian fluids --- capacitance-resistance model --- thixotropy --- conductivity --- enhanced oil recovery --- leakage and overflow --- geothermal --- coal and rock fracture --- impact pressure --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- GSHP (ground source heat pump) --- pore size distribution --- Knudsen diffusion --- hydraulic fracturing --- efficient simulation --- constitutive relations --- electricity generation --- fractal theory --- pore structure --- complex fracture network --- sloshing --- cost-effective --- slippage effect --- dynamic hydraulic-fracturing experiments --- critical porosity --- fracture uncertainty --- carbon capture and utilization (CCU) --- tube bundle model --- continuity/momentum and energy equations coupled --- main gas pipeline --- Coal excavation --- longitudinal dispersion coefficient --- computational fluid dynamic (CFD) --- flowback --- fracture simulation --- highly viscous fluids --- carbon capture and storage (CCS) --- energy dissipation --- economics --- particles model --- variable viscosity --- multi-pressure system --- frequency conversion technology (FCT) --- three-dimensional numerical simulation --- tight oil reservoirs --- multiphase flow --- methane removal --- Navier-Stokes equations