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Currently, water and energy are among the world biggest challenges. All countries working on increasing industries and searching for progress need energy. Beside the limitation on the energy in the world, the aspect that has limited the use of energy is global warming. Fossil fuels are mostly used in the industries produce greenhouse gasses that cause trapping of the heat in the atmosphere and thus lead to temperatures rising and climate change. The importance of green energy is that it does not have the negative effect of fossil fuels and does not release carbon dioxide as the main greenhouse gas through combustion. This book contains some new studies about the production of renewable energies and applications of green technologies in various processes. The book is useful for researchers in the field of green technologies and also post-graduate students who are interested in expanding their knowledge of novel technologies and green fuels. It contains six chapters. In Chapter 1, a microbial fuel cell was studied and optimized. In Chapter 2, an autonomous model that can be used in cars and agriculture was reviewed. Chapter 3 studies the dehumidification capacity of water walls. Chapter 4 discusses the performance of conventional and unconventional single U-Tube pipe configurations. Chapter 5 studies the power generation table of 40 different locations in Oman. Finally, in Chapter 6 the role of renewable energy in south Asian countries is discussed.

acceptance --- AgTech startups --- autonomous --- robot --- TAM --- water wall --- falling water film --- relative humidity --- temperature --- condensation rate --- dehumidification --- vertical ground heat exchanger --- external fin --- thermal response test --- effective ground thermal conductivity --- carbon nanotube --- coulombic efficiency --- microbial fuel cell --- nanocomposite --- Pt --- lookup tables --- photovoltaic --- PVGIS --- solar --- Oman --- health expenditures --- CO2 emissions --- renewable energy --- South Asian countries --- FMOLS

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"Interim Report of the Committee on Geographic Variation in Health Care Spending and Promotion of High-Value Health Care: Preliminary Committee Observations is designed to provide the committee's preliminary observations for the 113th Congress as it considers further Medicare reform. This report contains only key preliminary observations related primarily to the committee's commissioned analyses of Medicare Parts A (Hospital Insurance program), B (Supplementary Medical Insurance program) and D (outpatient prescription drug benefit), complemented by other empirical investigations. It does not contain any observations related to the committee's commissioned analyses of the commercial insurer population, Medicare Advantage, or Medicaid, which will be presented in the committee's final report after completion of quality-control activities. This interim report excludes conclusions or recommendations related to the committee's consideration of the geographic value index or other payment reforms designed to promote high value care. Additional analyses are forthcoming, which will influence the committee's deliberations. These analyses include an exploration of how Medicare Part C (Medicare Advantage) and commercial spending, utilization, and quality vary compared with, and possibly are influenced by, Medicare Parts A and B spending, utilization, and quality. The committee also is assessing potential biases that may be inherent to Medicare and commercial claims-based measures of health status. Based on this new evidence and continued review of the literature, the committee will confirm the accuracy of the observations presented in this interim report and develop final conclusions and recommendations, which will be published in the committee's final report"--Publisher's description.

Health care reform -- United States. --- Medical care, Cost of -- United States. --- Medicare -- Finance. --- Medicare -- Statistics. --- Medicare --- Medical care, Cost of --- Health care reform --- Legislation as Topic --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Delivery of Health Care --- Costs and Cost Analysis --- Medical Assistance --- Health Services Administration --- Insurance, Health --- Earth Sciences --- Health Care --- Insurance --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Patient Care Management --- Social Control, Formal --- Economics --- Public Assistance --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Financing, Organized --- Financing, Government --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Health Services Accessibility --- Quality of Health Care --- Health Expenditures --- Geography --- Public Health --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Medical Care Plans --- Statistics --- Finance --- Finance.

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Technological innovation is deeply woven into the fabric of American culture, and is no less a basic feature of American health care. Medical technology saves lives and relieves suffering, and is enormously popular with the public, profitable for doctors, and a source of great wealth for industry. Yet its costs are rising at a dangerously unsustainable rate. The control of technology costs poses a terrible ethical and policy dilemma. How can we deny people what they may need to live and flourish? Yet is it not also harmful to let rising costs strangle our health care system, eventually harming everyone? In Taming the Beloved Beast, esteemed medical ethicist Daniel Callahan confronts this dilemma head-on. He argues that we can't escape it by organizational changes alone. Nothing less than a fundamental transformation of our thinking about health care is needed to achieve lasting and economically sustainable reform. The technology bubble, he contends, is beginning to burst. Callahan weighs the ethical arguments for and against limiting the use of medical technologies, and he argues that reining in health care costs requires us to change entrenched values about progress and technological innovation. Taming the Beloved Beast shows that the cost crisis is as great as that of the uninsured. Only a government-regulated universal health care system can offer the hope of managing technology and making it affordable for all.

Medical care, Cost of --United States. --- Medical technology --Economic aspects --United States. --- Medical care, Cost of --- Medical technology --- Health Care Costs --- Biomedical Technology --- United States --- Economics --- Insurance --- Delivery of Health Care --- Technology --- North America --- Costs and Cost Analysis --- Financing, Organized --- Social Sciences --- Americas --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Geographic Locations --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Health Care --- Geographicals --- Medical Economics --- Public Health --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Economic aspects --- Health care technology --- Health technology --- Biomedical Technologies --- Technology, Biomedical --- Technology, Health --- Technology, Health Care --- Health Care Technology --- Health Technology --- Biomedical Engineering --- Medical Informatics --- Costs, Medical Care --- Health Costs --- Healthcare Costs --- Medical Care Costs --- Treatment Costs --- Cost, Health --- Cost, Health Care --- Cost, Healthcare --- Cost, Medical Care --- Cost, Treatment --- Costs, Health --- Costs, Health Care --- Costs, Healthcare --- Costs, Treatment --- Health Care Cost --- Health Cost --- Healthcare Cost --- Medical Care Cost --- Treatment Cost --- Health Expenditures --- Indemnity --- Insurance Premiums --- Insurance Premium --- Premium, Insurance --- Premiums, Insurance --- economics --- E-books --- Cost of medical care --- Health care costs --- Health care expenditures --- Medical care --- Medical costs --- Medical expenses --- Medical service, Cost of --- Medicine --- Medical economics --- Medical savings accounts --- Assurance (Insurance) --- Coverage, Insurance --- Indemnity insurance --- Insurance coverage --- Insurance industry --- Insurance protection --- Mutual insurance --- Underwriting --- Finance --- Costs --- Ethics --- Technology Assessment, Biomedical --- W 82 Biomedical technology (General)

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The United States is the only industrialized democracy that allows its citizens to go entirely without health care for lack of funds or to be bankrupted by medical bills. Author Pamela Behan was confronted by the effects of this policy failure during her previous career as a nurse, and with Solving the Health Care Problem, she examines how it can be corrected. Behan explores American health care policy failure by looking at how two other, similar nations—Canada and Australia—managed to adopt health care protections, and compares their stories with events in the United States. Behan's systematic comparison of all three nations shows that the factors responsible for these different results center on the responsiveness of each nation's political institutions to its voters. In particular, Australia's parliamentary system and labor party and Canada's constitutional flexibility and national-provincial dynamics proved central to each nation's adoption of national health insurance. In contrast, similar efforts in the United States became less frequent and less ambitious after they were repeatedly blocked without even coming to a vote. These dissimilarities reveal the institutional and class issues that must be addressed for the United States to successfully confront the health care problem.

Insurance, Health --- Health Services Accessibility --- Health Care Costs --- Health Policy --- Health insurance --- Medical care, Cost of --- Right to health --- Medical policy --- Cost of medical care --- Health care costs --- Health care expenditures --- Medical care --- Medical costs --- Medical expenses --- Medical service, Cost of --- Medicine --- Medical economics --- Medical savings accounts --- Healthcare Policy --- National Health Policy --- Health Policies --- Health Policy, National --- Healthcare Policies --- National Health Policies --- Policy, Health --- Policy, Healthcare --- Policy, National Health --- Policy Making --- Costs, Medical Care --- Health Costs --- Healthcare Costs --- Medical Care Costs --- Treatment Costs --- Cost, Health --- Cost, Health Care --- Cost, Healthcare --- Cost, Medical Care --- Cost, Treatment --- Costs, Health --- Costs, Health Care --- Costs, Healthcare --- Costs, Treatment --- Health Care Cost --- Health Cost --- Healthcare Cost --- Medical Care Cost --- Treatment Cost --- Health Expenditures --- Accessibility, Health Services --- Contraceptive Availability --- Health Services Geographic Accessibility --- Program Accessibility --- Access To Medicines --- Access to Contraception --- Access to Health Care --- Access to Health Services --- Access to Medications --- Access to Therapy --- Access to Treatment --- Accessibility of Health Services --- Availability of Health Services --- Contraception Access --- Contraceptive Access --- Medication Access --- Access To Medicine --- Access to Contraceptions --- Access to Medication --- Access to Therapies --- Access to Treatments --- Access, Contraception --- Access, Contraceptive --- Access, Medication --- Accessibility, Program --- Availability, Contraceptive --- Contraception, Access to --- Contraceptive Accesses --- Health Services Availability --- Medication Accesses --- Medication, Access to --- Therapy, Access to --- Treatment, Access to --- Medically Underserved Area --- Group Health Insurance --- Health Insurance --- Health Insurance, Voluntary --- Health Insurance, Group --- Insurance, Group Health --- Insurance, Voluntary Health --- Voluntary Health Insurance --- Government policy --- Costs

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This collection that is based on the Special Issue contains 37 high-quality, rigorously peer-reviewed, cutting-edge pieces of original research applying a multi-disciplinary academic approach to study how to improve environment quality and healthy living in contemporary and future urban environments. This multidisciplinary collection helps to disseminate and communicate scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries of how to make healthy cities available to researchers, academics, and the general public globally.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- urban sprawl --- physical health --- mental health --- Smog Free Tower --- air purification --- housing price --- moderating effect --- traffic convenience --- urban resilience --- spatiotemporal differentiation --- ESDA --- geographical detector model --- YRB --- social capital --- social participation --- volunteering --- urban China --- urban governance --- Chinese national scenic areas --- tourism economy --- time-limited rectification --- pilot free trade zones --- green total factor productivity --- green development --- difference-in-differences --- quasi-natural experiment --- land use evolution --- land ecological security --- AHP-FCE model --- evaluation --- China --- business environment --- FDI --- BRI countries --- status elevation the global value chain --- pilot free trade zone --- port --- green TFP --- environmental constraints --- regional heterogeneity --- air pollution --- health shocks --- labor mobility --- mediating effect --- threshold effect --- production-living-ecology --- spatial transformation characteristics --- spatial conflicts --- urban agglomeration --- carbon emissions --- Tapio decoupling --- LMDI model --- provincial level --- low-carbon economy --- physical inactivity --- prolonged sitting --- unhealthy diet --- sports facilities --- street greenery --- spatial accessibility --- medical system --- multi-tiered two-step floating catchment area (MT2SFCA) method --- equity --- healthcare --- Hu Line of land --- “production-living-ecology” coordination --- spatial heterogeneity --- ESDA-GWR --- COVID-19 --- mask --- willingness to pay --- protection motivation theory --- contingent value method --- urban --- health impact assessment --- bibliometric analysis --- CiteSpace --- knowledge mapping --- disaster-preventive migration (DPM) --- social stability risk --- fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) --- ethnic minority area --- green finance --- ecological environment --- coupling coordination rate --- spatiotemporal evolution --- driving factor --- environmental equality --- guanxi network --- pig farming pollution --- cost and benefit sharing --- technological innovation --- coupling coordination --- green economy --- aging migration --- housing tenure --- social integration --- Beijing --- environmental pollution control investment efficiency --- three-stage DEA --- super-efficient SBM --- Global-Malmquist-Luenberger index --- regional differences --- digital financial inclusion --- green innovation --- financing constraints --- life cycle --- carbon emissions trading --- total factor productivity of agricultural enterprises --- double difference --- policy mix --- policy design --- pandemic management --- policy outcomes --- compound crisis --- urban sustainability --- healthy cities --- projects --- risks --- expert evaluation --- fuzzy sets --- European Green Deal --- Industry 5.0 --- decision-making --- transport --- medical infrastructure --- healing and therapeutic design --- blockchain --- building information modeling (BIM) --- landscape information modeling (LIM) --- city information modeling (CIM) --- art therapy --- sustainable development --- non-fungible token (NFT) --- Health Metaverse --- workplace --- avoidance behavior --- public health --- regression discontinuity design --- migration intention --- high human capital --- instrumental variable --- regional economic resilience --- influence mechanism --- Yellow River Basin --- quality of life --- healthy region --- healthy environment --- spatial --- synthetic measure --- voivodship --- national fitness policy --- national health --- human capital --- public finance health expenditures --- civil registration --- block chain --- digitization governance --- smart contract --- urban young returnees --- happiness --- healthy China --- HLM --- SEM --- rural-to-urban migrant --- performance analysis --- science mapping --- network analysis --- environmental policy uncertainty --- enterprise pollution emission --- enterprise innovation --- the foreign investment