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Infertility is a common and severe health problem affecting roughly 7% of the male population. It is likely that the majority of those patients have genetic abnormalities that are the cause of their infertility. In The Genetics of Male Infertility, twenty-one researchers and clinicians review the study of the genetics of male infertility, the tools available in the laboratory and clinic, the current state of knowledge, and the future of research and translation into clinical diagnostics and treatments. This volume gives special attention to the significant technological advances in the treatment of male infertility, including intracytoplasmic injection (ICSI) in conjunction with in vitro fertilization (IVF). In addition, new tools discussed include in vitro methodologies, in silico technologies, and new model organisms. Providing a review of our current understanding of genetic causes of male infertility, The Genetics of Male Infertility serves as a guide to evidence-based clinical applications, and a preview of future possibilities.

Infertility, Male --- Spermatogenesis --- Genetic aspects --- Formation of spermatozoa --- Spermatozoa --- Gametogenesis --- Male infertility --- Male sterility --- Sterility, Male --- Generative organs, Male --- Infertility --- Formation --- Diseases

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Recent developments of experimental techniques in cellular and molecular biology have made it possible to understand the molecular biology of male gametogenesis in greater detail. This book focuses on the description of specialized proteins, which are dominantly and/or specifically expressed in germ cells and localized in spermatozoa. There is an urgent need to classify proteins of spermatogenic cells with a view of their functions, and their applications in the regulation of fertility and in understanding infertility. The understanding of structural properties of male germ cell specific proteins can offer vulnerable points for targeted intervention in testis without generalized effects on stages of spermatogenesis. Besides targeted action in male germ cells, sperm specific proteins and polypeptides may also offer potential application in the development of a contraceptive vaccine. Researchers in the fields of biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, reproductive biology and proteomics will find this book of interest. "This book is far superior to any previous book on the subject. I recommend this book with great enthusiasm." Pawan K. Singal St. Boniface General Hospital Research Center .

Spermatogenesis. --- Proteomics. --- Molecular biology --- Proteins --- Formation of spermatozoa --- Spermatozoa --- Gametogenesis --- Formation --- Cytology. --- Cell Biology. --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Cell biology. --- Proteins. --- Protein Biochemistry. --- Proteids --- Biomolecules --- Polypeptides --- Proteomics

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Darwin identified the existence of separate male and female gametes as one of the central mysteries of evolutionary biology. 150 years later, the question of why male gametes exist remains an intriguing puzzle. In this, the first book solely devoted to the evolution of anisogamy, top theorists in the field explore why gamete dimorphism characterizes nearly all plants and animals. Did separate male and female gametes evolve as a result of competition, or does anisogamy instead represent selection for cooperation? If disruptive selection drove the evolution of anisogamy, with male gametes focused on search and fusion, and female gametes provisioning the new zygote, why do some algal species continue to produce gametes of a single size? Does sperm limitation, or escape from infection, better explain the need for extremely small, highly mobile sperm? Written by leaders in the field, this volume offers an authoritative and cutting-edge overview of evolutionary theory.

Gametes --- Gametogenesis. --- Natural selection. --- Plants --- Reproduction, Asexual. --- Asexual reproduction --- Gemmation (Zoology) --- Spores --- Gemmation (Botany) --- Plant reproduction --- Plant physiology --- Reproduction --- Plants, Sex in --- Plant spores --- Darwinism --- Selection, Natural --- Genetics --- Variation (Biology) --- Biological invasions --- Evolution (Biology) --- Heredity --- Formation of gametes --- Cell differentiation --- Germ cells --- Evolution. --- Reproduction. --- Formation

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In the past thirty years, significant advances have been made in the field of reproductive biology in unlocking the molecular and biochemical events that regulate spermatogenesis in the mammalian testis. It was possible because of the unprecedented breakthroughs in molecular biology, cell biology, immunology, and biochemistry. In this book entitled, Molecular Mechanisms in Spermatogenesis, a collection of chapters has been included written by colleagues on the latest development in the field using genomic and proteomic approaches to study spermatogenesis, as well as different mechanisms and/or molecules including environmental toxicants and transcription factors that regulate and/or affect spermatogenesis. The book begins with a chapter that provides the basic concept of cellular regulation of spermatogenesis. A few chapters are also dedicated to some of the latest findings on the Sertoli cell cytoskeleton and other molecules (e.g., proteases, adhesion proteins) that regulate spermatogenesis. These chapters contain thought-provoking discussions and concepts which shall be welcomed by investigators in the field. It is obvious that many of these concepts will be updated and some may be amended in the years to come. However, they will serve as a guide and the basis for investigation by scientists in the field.

Spermatogenesis. --- Testis --- Molecular aspects. --- Testes --- Testicle --- Endocrine glands --- Generative organs, Male --- Gonads --- Scrotum --- Formation of spermatozoa --- Spermatozoa --- Gametogenesis --- Formation --- 537.8 --- 537.8 Electromagnetism. Electromagnetic field. Electrodynamics. Maxwell theory --- Electromagnetism. Electromagnetic field. Electrodynamics. Maxwell theory --- Medicine. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Biomedicine general. --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Molecular biology. --- Biomedicine, general. --- Health Workforce --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology

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A cross-disciplinary approach is offered to consider the challenge of emerging technologies designed to enhance human bodies and minds. Perspectives from philosophy, ethics, law, and policy are applied to a wide variety of enhancements, including integration of technology within human bodies, as well as genetic, biological, and pharmacological modifications. Humans may be permanently or temporarily enhanced with artificial parts by manipulating (or reprogramming) human DNA and through other enhancement techniques (and combinations thereof). We are on the cusp of significantly modifying (and perhaps improving) the human ecosystem. This evolution necessitates a continuing effort to re-evaluate current laws and, if appropriate, to modify such laws or develop new laws that address enhancement technology. A legal, ethical, and policy response to current and future human enhancements should strive to protect the rights of all involved and to recognize the responsibilities of humans to other conscious and living beings, regardless of what they look like or what abilities they have (or lack). A potential ethical approach is outlined in which rights and responsibilities should be respected even if enhanced humans are perceived by non-enhanced (or less-enhanced) humans as “no longer human” at all.

cyborgs --- implants --- posthumans --- Homo technologicus --- Homo sapiens --- human-machine interaction --- cyborg --- enhancement technology --- prosthesis --- brain–computer interface --- new senses --- identity --- neuroprosthesis --- patent law --- copyright law --- cognitive liberty --- international law --- evolution --- cultural technology --- human enhancement --- engineering --- bionics --- biotechnology --- disability --- marketing --- cultural studies --- Disney --- supercrip --- human enhancements --- autonomy --- informed consent --- moral enhancement --- vulnerability --- numeric identity --- military ethics --- human–machine interaction --- upgrading humans --- superhumans --- gene editing --- embryo selection --- CRISPR --- cognitive enhancement --- assisted reproductive technologies (ART) --- public opinion --- in vitro gametogenesis (IVG) --- genome-wide association studies (GWAS) --- brain–computer interface (BCI) --- brain–machine interface (BMI) --- ethical --- legal and social Issues (ELSI) --- neuroethics --- narrative review --- intellectual property --- copyright --- neuropolitics --- brain science --- voting --- human rights --- ethics --- discrimination --- racism --- speciesism --- ableism --- human–robot interaction --- mind --- sense of agency --- alienation --- n/a --- brain-computer interface --- brain-computer interface (BCI) --- brain-machine interface (BMI) --- human-robot interaction