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Advances in Plant Defense Mechanisms
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Year: 2022 Publisher: London : IntechOpen,

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Abstract

Increasing human migrations, technological advances, agricultural activities, and climate change are forcing plants to adapt to new environments. This book highlights current morphological, anatomical, physiological, molecular, and genomic advances in plant defense mechanisms. These advances, including epigenetic mechanisms, have been linked to observed phenotypic plant plasticity. The book also outlines next-generation food systems, considering the resilience and sustainability of plant genomes and epigenomes.

Keywords

Plant defenses.


Book
Distributed defense
Authors: ---
ISBN: 1442280441 9781442280441 Year: 2017 Publisher: Lanham, MD

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Despite the rising salience of missile threats, current air and missile defense forces are far too susceptible to suppression. Today's U.S. air and missile defense (AMD) force lacks the depth, capacity, and operational flexibility to simultaneously perform both missions. Discussions about improving AMD usually revolve around improvements to the capability and capacity of interceptors or sensors. Rather than simply doing more of the same, the joint integrated air and missile defense (IAMD) efforts might be well served by new or reinvigorated operational concepts, here discussed collectively as "Distributed Defense." By leveraging networked integration, Distributed Defense envisions a more flexible and more dispersible air and missile defense force capable of imposing costs and dilemmas on an adversary, complicating the suppression of U.S. air and missile defenses. Although capability and capacity improvements remain essential to the high-end threats, the Distributed Defense concept focuses on creating a new architecture for today's fielded or soon-to-be fielded IAMD force to boost flexibility and resilience


Book
China's evolving nuclear deterrent
Authors: ---
ISBN: 0833096540 9780833096548 9780833096463 083309646X Year: 2017 Publisher: Santa Monica, Calif.

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"China's approach to nuclear deterrence has been broadly consistent since its first nuclear test in 1964. Key elements are its no-first-use policy and reliance on a small force of nuclear weapons capable of executing retaliatory strikes if China is attacked. China has recently accelerated nuclear force building and modernization, and both international and domestic factors are likely to drive faster modernization in the future. Chinese nuclear planners are concerned by strategic developments in the United States, especially the deployment of missile defenses. Within the region, Beijing is also an actor in complex multilateral security dynamics that now include several nuclear states, and the improving nuclear capabilities of China's neighbors, especially India, are a growing concern for Beijing. Constituencies for nuclear weapons have gained in bureaucratic standing within the People's Liberation Army (PLA). With few, if any, firewalls between China's conventional and nuclear missile forces, new technologies developed for the former are already being applied to the latter, a trend that will almost certainly continue. Given these changes, China is likely to increase emphasis on nuclear deterrence, accelerate nuclear force modernization, and make adjustments (although not wholesale changes) to policy."--Publisher's description.


Book
US Missile Defense Strategy
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ISBN: 1626372446 9781626372443 9781626371507 1626371504 Year: 2022 Publisher: Boulder

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Why has the United States continued to develop ballistic missile defenses in an era of irregular warfare and asymmetric terrorist threats? How does missile defense contribute to US global strategy? Can the BMD system achieve the goals that lay behind its creation? Michael Mayer addresses these questions in his balanced approach to the contentious debate over the strategic value of missile defense. Mayer surveys the grand strategies of the Clinton, Bush, and Obama administrations, methodically comparing them with each president's missile defense policies. He also demystifies the fundamentals of the BMD system. Seeking to change the terms of the debate, he cogently challenges much of the conventional wisdom touted by both supporters and detractors of ballistic missile defense.


Book
Ballistic missile defense
Author:
ISBN: 9781628089103 1628089105 9781628089097 Year: 2013 Publisher: New York

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The ballistic missile threat is increasing both quantitatively and qualitatively, and is likely to continue to do so over the next decade. Current global trends indicate that ballistic missile systems are becoming more flexible, mobile, survivable, reliable, and accurate, while also increasing in range. A number of states are also working to increase the protection of their ballistic missiles from pre-launch attack and to increase their effectiveness in penetrating missile defenses. Several states are also developing nuclear, chemical, and/or biological warheads for their missiles. Such capabi


Book
Suffolk's defended shore
Authors: --- --- ---
ISBN: 9781848022119 1848022115 9781873592984 Year: 2013 Publisher: Swindon

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Presents an illustrated history of the development of military defences on the Suffolk coast using data collected as part of the English Heritage national survey. This survey included examination of modern and historic aerial photographs.


Book
Missiles : defense programs, threats and types
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ISBN: 1536177156 Year: 2020 Publisher: New York : Snova,

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Periodical
Review of litigation.
Author:
Year: 1980 Publisher: Austin, Tex. : University of Texas School of Law

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The phantom defense : America's pursuit of the Star Wars illusion
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 027597183X 0313016151 9780313016158 9780275971830 1280315512 9781280315510 9786610315512 9798400696602 Year: 2001 Publisher: Westport, Conn. : London : Praeger, Bloomsbury Publishing,

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In the past four decades, the United States has spent $85 billion pursuing the fantasy of an effective missile defense system to shield our nation against the threat of a nuclear attack. Recent public tests, while less exotic than some of the original "Star Wars" proposals, were spectacular failures and call into question the whole program's rationale. Neither the land-based system proposed by the Clinton administration, nor the alternatives proposed by earlier administrations, would ever work--regardless of how much R & D money is channeled into the project. Rather than enhancing national security, these doomed efforts would provoke a new arms race and alienate key allies. The authors apply their extensive insiders' expertise to argue that thoughtful diplomacy is the only real answer to meet America's national security goals.


Book
Regional missile defense from a global perspective
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9780804796354 9780804790642 9780804796569 0804796564 0804790647 0804796351 Year: 2015 Publisher: Stanford, California

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Regional Missile Defense from a Global Perspective explains the origins, evolution, and implications of the regional approach to missile defense that has emerged since the presidency of George H. W. Bush, and has culminated with the missile defense decisions of President Barack Obama. The Obama administration's overarching concept for American missile defense focuses on developing both a national system of limited ground-based defenses, located in Alaska and California, intended to counter limited intercontinental threats, and regionally-based missile defenses consisting of mobile ground-based technologies like the Patriot PAC-3 system, and sea-based Aegis-equipped destroyer and cruisers. The volume is intended to stimulate renewed debates in strategic studies and public policy circles over the contribution of regional and national missile defense to global security. Written from a range of perspectives by practitioners and academics, the book provides a rich source for understanding the technologies, history, diplomacy, and strategic implications of the gradual evolution of American missile defense plans. Experts and non-experts alike—whether needing to examine the offense-defense tradeoffs anew, to engage with a policy update, or to better understand the debate as it relates to a country or region—will find this book invaluable. While it opens the door to the debates, however, it does not find or offer easy solutions—because they do not exist.

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