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The difficult economic climate in Europe and the United States since the financial crisis is set to continue as the New Normal, despite frantic efforts to stimulate growth. The long phase of expansion that lasted from the 1980s until 2008 was driven by easy money, cheap imports and confidence - all gone. And the shift of geopolitical power to Asia is permanent. This does not mean that Western economies are inevitably condemned to 'lost decades' ahead. They can rediscover productivity and growth - but governments face formidable political obstacles to the reforms this would require.
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Budget deficits --- Debts, External --- Fiscal policy --- International economic relations
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Debts, External --- -Financial crises --- Euro area --- -European Union countries --- -Economic policy --- -Debts, External --- Financial crises --- European Union countries --- Economic policy
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Seguir la trayectoria de la deuda pública en el México del siglo XIX constituye uno de los caminos más complejos pero también esclarecedores de la turbulenta historia financiera y política de la temprana república. En esta antología se intenta algo poco habitual: combinar el estudio de las dos caras del endeudamiento del gobierno, la deuda externa y la deuda interna.
History of Mexico --- International finance --- Public debt --- anno 1800-1899 --- Debts, External --- Debts, Public --- Monetary economics
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Debts, External --- Financial crises --- Euro area --- European Union countries --- Economic policy
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Many controversies surround Poland's economic and political future and the role that international financial institutions, Western governments and creditor banks should play in trying to shape it. The issues are discussed in this volume from a variety of perspectives, objectively and scientifically, with a minimum of jargon, and without pulling any punches.
Debts, External --- Congresses. --- Poland --- Foreign economic relations --- Economic policy --- Economic conditions --- European history
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This work is designed to provide a solid foundation for the research of various business topics. This volume covers the economic topics of banking, lending, and debt. The collection is broken up into several sections that describe bank management strategies, the effects of banking on international economics, and the common forms of debt and lending.
Debts, External --- Commercial loans --- Banks and banking --- Econometric models --- Banks and banking. --- Loans. --- Debt.
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How Brazil's monetary and fiscal policies survived a series of severe economic shocks and the policy lessons for other countries.Inflation targeting--when central bank policies set specific inflation rate objectives--is widely used by both developed and developing countries around the world (although not by the United States or the European Central Bank). This collection of original essays looks at how Brazil's policy of inflation targeting, coupled with a floating exchange rate, survived a series of severe economic shocks and examines the policy lessons that can be drawn from Brazil's experience.After a successful start in early 1999, Brazil's policy regime had to manage mounting difficulties, including a sudden reversal of capital flows and its effects on the exchange rate and public debt, the contagion of Argentina's severe economic problems, a domestic energy crisis, and the political uncertainty of the 2002 presidential campaign. The contributors, prominent Brazilian and international economists, draw important lessons from Brazil's experience, including the necessity of accompanying monetary policy with fiscal improvement, the trade-offs involved in dollar-linked debt, the importance of fiscal institutions in an emerging market economy, and the importance of keeping inflation under control.
Monetary policy --- Inflation (Finance) --- Debts, External --- Inflation targeting --- Money --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- Targeting, Inflation --- ECONOMICS/International Economics --- ECONOMICS/Macroeconomics
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How does one package and sell confidence in the stability of a nation riven by civil strife? This was the question that loomed before the Philadelphia financial house of Jay Cooke & Company, entrusted by the US government with an unprecedented sale of bonds to finance the Union war effort in the early days of the American Civil War. How the government and its agents marketed these bonds revealed a version of the war the public was willing to buy and buy into, based not just in the full faith and credit of the United States but also in the success of its armies and its long-term vision for open markets. From Maine to California, and in foreign halls of power and economic influence, thousands of agents were deployed to sell a clear message: Union victory was unleashing the American economy itself.
Debts, Public --- Bonds --- Debts, External --- Patriotism --- History --- Economic aspects --- Cooke, Jay, --- Jay Cooke & Co. --- United States --- Finance.
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