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Business cycles

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Precious metals continue to have economic and sociocultural importance, as their usage evolves and diversifies over time. Today, the industrial application of precious metals is increasing with the development of scientific and technological innovations. Especially, the biological cycling of these metals is receiving more and more attention, as the microbiota may be key to a range of issues regarding exploration, ore-processing and metallurgy, and the processing of electron waste. In this volume, we focus on enhancing the fundamental understanding of the biological processes that drive noble metal cycling and examine how this knowledge may be turned into biotechnolical applications.

Biogeochemical cycles. --- Biogeochemical cycles --- Mathematical models. --- Biogeochemistry --- Cycles --- Ecology

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Fungi play important roles in the cycling of elements in the biosphere but are frequently neglected within microbiological and geochemical research spheres. Symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi are responsible for major transformations and redistribution of inorganic nutrients, while free-living fungi have major roles in the decomposition of organic materials, including xenobiotics. Fungi are also major biodeterioration agents of stone, wood, plaster, cement and other building materials, and are important components of rock-inhabiting microbial communities. The aim of this 2006 book is to promote further understanding of the key roles that free-living and symbiotic fungi (in mycorrhizas and lichens) play in the biogeochemical cycling of elements, the chemical and biological mechanisms that are involved, and their environmental and biotechnological significance. Where appropriate, relationships with bacteria are also discussed to highlight the dynamic interactions that can exist between these major microbial groups and their integrated function in several kinds of habitat.

Fungi --- Biogeochemical cycles. --- Biogeochemistry --- Cycles --- Ecology --- Ecology.

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This book is a collection of theoretical and empirical contributions on the new forms of economic cycles, particularly focusing on business cycle theory post-World War II. Edited by Alfred E. Ott, it gathers thoughts from various economists including Heinz Holländer, Henner Kleinewefers, Jürgen Kromphardt, Hans-Jürgen Krupp, and others. The aim is to describe and analyze the fluctuations in economic activity, distinguishing them from classical cycles, such as those identified by Juglar. The contributors discuss the challenges of developing a comprehensive theory of these cycles due to their novel characteristics. The book is intended for economists and scholars interested in economic theory, particularly those focusing on macroeconomic fluctuations and business cycles. It provides insights into the empirical and theoretical considerations that have emerged since the publication of Hicks' work in 1950, offering an overview of the ongoing debates and methodological approaches in the field.

Business cycles --- Macroeconomics --- Business cycles. --- Macroeconomics.

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Equilibrium (Economics) --- Business cycles