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Willi Hennig (1913-76), founder of phylogenetic systematics, revolutionised our understanding of the relationships among species and their natural classification. An expert on Diptera and fossil insects, Hennig's ideas were applicable to all organisms. He wrote about the science of taxonomy or systematics, refining and promoting discussion of the precise meaning of the term 'relationship', the nature of systematic evidence, and how those matters impinge on a precise understanding of monophyly, paraphyly, and polyphyly. Hennig's contributions are relevant today and are a platform for the future. This book focuses on the intellectual aspects of Hennig's work and gives dimension to the future of the subject in relation to Hennig's foundational contributions to the field of phylogenetic systematics. Suitable for graduate students and academic researchers, this book will also appeal to philosophers and historians interested in the legacy of Willi Hennig.

Cladistic analysis. --- Hennig, Willi, --- Cladism --- Cladistic method --- Cladistic taxonomy --- Cladistics --- Cladograms --- Phylogenetic systematics --- Phylogenetic taxonomy --- Taxonomy, Cladistic --- Taxonomy, Phylogenetic --- Biology --- Branching processes --- Phylogeny --- Classification --- Henning, Emil Hans Willi,

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"The evolutionary history of species is traditionally represented using a rooted phylogenetic tree. However, when reticulate events such as hybridization, horizontal gene transfer or recombination are believed to be involved, phylogenetic networks that can accommodate non-treelike evolution have an important role to play. This book provides the first interdisciplinary overview of phylogenetic networks. Beginning with a concise introduction to both phylogenetic trees and phylogenetic networks, the fundamental concepts and results are then presented for both rooted and unrooted phylogenetic networks. Current approaches and algorithms available for computing phylogenetic networks from different types of datasets are then discussed, accompanied by examples of their application to real biological datasets. The book also summarises the algorithms used for drawing phylogenetic networks, along with the existing software for their computation and evaluation. All datasets, examples and other additional information and links are available from the book's companion website at www.phylogenetic-networks.org"-- "In the first part of this book we give an introduction to basic concepts from graph theory and systematics (Chapter 1). We briefly discuss the problem of aligning molecular sequences (Chapter 2) and give a more detailed introduction to the computation of phylogenetic trees from aligned sequences and distances (Chapter 3). Finally, we give a brief introduction to the computation of phyloge-netic networks, which also serves as an overview for the material presented in the second and third parts of the book (Chapter 4). Chapters 2 and 3 are provided for the sake of completeness and reference. They can be skipped by readers who have a basic knowledge of phylogenetic "--

Evolution. Phylogeny --- Cladistic analysis --- Phylogeny --- Data processing --- Mathematics --- Phylogeny. --- Data processing. --- Mathematics. --- Animal phylogeny --- Animals --- Phylogenetics --- Phylogeny (Zoology) --- Biology --- Evolution (Biology) --- Cladism --- Cladistic method --- Cladistic taxonomy --- Cladistics --- Cladograms --- Phylogenetic systematics --- Phylogenetic taxonomy --- Taxonomy, Cladistic --- Taxonomy, Phylogenetic --- Branching processes --- Classification --- Genetic Phenomena. --- Cladistic analysis - Data processing --- Cladistic analysis - Mathematics --- Genetic Phenomena --- Biological evolution

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Biology --- Botany --- Cladistic analysis --- Biologie --- Analyse cladistique --- Classification --- Periodicals --- Périodiques --- Biology. --- Cladistic analysis. --- 58 --- Environmental Sciences --- Biodiversity --- Conservation --- General and Others --- Demographic Studies --- Life Sciences --- Social Sciences --- Zoology --- bimonthly --- cladistics --- current periodical --- full text online --- Environmental Sciences. --- Demographic Studies. --- Life Sciences. --- Social Sciences. --- 58 Botany --- Cladism --- Cladistic method --- Cladistic taxonomy --- Cladistics --- Cladograms --- Phylogenetic systematics --- Phylogenetic taxonomy --- Taxonomy, Cladistic --- Taxonomy, Phylogenetic --- Branching processes --- Phylogeny --- Life sciences --- Biomass --- Life (Biology) --- Natural history --- 58 Botanie --- Botanie

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The increasing availability of molecular and genetic databases coupled with the growing power of computers gives biologists opportunities to address new issues, such as the patterns of molecular evolution, and re-assess old ones, such as the role of adaptation in species diversification. This book integrates a wide variety of data analysis methods into a single and flexible interface: the R language. This open source language is available for a wide range of computer systems and has been adopted as a computational environment by many authors of statistical software. Adopting R as a main tool for phylogenetic analyses will ease the workflow in biologists' data analyses, ensure greater scientific repeatability, and enhance the exchange of ideas and methodological developments. Graduate students and researchers in evolutionary biology can use this book as a reference for data analyses, whereas researchers in bioinformatics interested in evolutionary analyses will learn how to implement these methods in R. The book starts with a presentation of different R packages and gives a short introduction to R for phylogeneticists unfamiliar with this language. The basic phylogenetic topics are covered: manipulation of phylogenetic data, phylogeny estimation, tree drawing, phylogenetic comparative methods, and estimation of ancestral characters. The chapter on tree drawing uses R's powerful graphical environment. A section deals with the analysis of diversification with phylogenies, one of the author's favorite research topics. The last chapter is devoted to the development of phylogenetic methods with R and interfaces with other languages (C and C++). Some exercises conclude these chapters. Emmanuel Paradis is an evolutionary biologist at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and the Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) in Montpellier. He received his Doctorate Diploma in population biology and ecology in 1993 at the University of Montpellier II. He has conducted empirical and theoretical research on birds, mammals, and fish. He worked at the British Trust for Ornithology for three years and at the Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution in Montpellier for seven years where he developed most of the ideas presented in this book. He is the main author and maintainer of the R package APE (Analysis of Phylogenetics and Evolution).

Biomathematics. Biometry. Biostatistics --- Evolution. Phylogeny --- Programming --- Artificial intelligence. Robotics. Simulation. Graphics --- medische statistiek --- bio-informatica --- biostatistiek --- Europees recht --- biometrie --- KI (kunstmatige intelligentie) --- Cladistic analysis --- Phylogeny --- R (Computer program language) --- Cladism --- Cladistic method --- Cladistic taxonomy --- Cladistics --- Cladograms --- Phylogenetic systematics --- Phylogenetic taxonomy --- Taxonomy, Cladistic --- Taxonomy, Phylogenetic --- Biology --- Branching processes --- Animal phylogeny --- Animals --- Phylogenetics --- Phylogeny (Zoology) --- Evolution (Biology) --- GNU-S (Computer program language) --- Domain-specific programming languages --- Methodology --- Classification --- Cladistic analysis. --- R (Computer program language). --- Methodology. --- Biochemistry. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Bioinformatics. --- Statistics . --- Biochemistry, general. --- Evolutionary Biology. --- Statistics for Life Sciences, Medicine, Health Sciences. --- Bioinformatics --- Mathematical statistics --- Statistics --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical methods --- Statistical science --- Mathematics --- Econometrics --- Animal evolution --- Biological evolution --- Darwinism --- Evolutionary biology --- Evolutionary science --- Origin of species --- Evolution --- Biological fitness --- Homoplasy --- Natural selection --- Bio-informatics --- Biological informatics --- Information science --- Computational biology --- Systems biology --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Data processing --- Composition --- Statistics.