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What is »leisure«? What is »theory«? And how are the two connected? Andreas Kirchner explains that according to Aristotle's basic definitions of the concepts of »theoría« and »scholê«, both undergo characteristic developments in the course of history, and that the philosophy and theology of late antiquity significantly contributed to this. Plotinus' Neoplatonism thus decisively extends both concepts in their essential respects, and the emerging Christian theology, which the author examines by taking Marius Victorinus, Ambrose and, above all, Augustine as examples, then builds up its definition of »leisure« and »theory«. While based on philosophical foundations on the one hand, on the other it develops its own characteristic concepts following the personal concept of God and Christian assumptions. Andreas Kirchner shows how fundamentally the thought systems as well as the respective concept of God affect the conceptual design.

Religion / Christian Church / History --- Religion --- Augustine,

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In den jüngsten bildtheoretischen Debatten hat die Idee der Zeugenschaft steigende Konjunktur erlebt. Bilder sind nicht nur »stumme Zeugen«, sie halten vielmehr die Aussagen von Augenzeugen fest, und werden so zu historischen Quellen. Sowohl die Bilder als auch ihre Betrachter werden somit selbst zu »Augenzeugen« eines Ereignisses und das »Sehen mit den eigenen Augen« zu einem Kriterium von Evidenz. Die vorliegenden Beiträge widmen sich extremen Bildern des christlichen Opfertodes, wobei sie die Bildgeschichte des Martyriums als Zeugenschaft thematisieren. Hierbei werden bislang kaum untersuchte Verbindungen zwischen der martyriologischen Bildtradition und den Evidenzverfahren in der Theologie, den Naturwissenschaften und im Bereich des Rechts in den Fokus genommen. Das Verhältnis zwischen »testimonium« und Bildevidenz wird auf diese Weise vielschichtig diskutiert, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf die Zeit um 1600 gelegt ist.

Iconography --- martyrs --- Christian church history --- Christian martyrs in art.

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That invaluable Christian reference book.' Church Times `Covering the whole range of Christian thought, it is specially valuable to the young student.' Church Quarterly Review This selection of writings from the most important moments in the history of Christianity has become established as a classic work. Now incorporating a wealth of new material, this new edition will be an essential reference source for anyone interested in the Christian Church. While retaining the original material selected by Henry Bettenson, Chris Maunder has added a substantial section of more recent writings. These il

Church history --- Christianity. --- Christianity --- Religions --- Ecclesiastical history --- History, Church --- History, Ecclesiastical --- History --- Christian church history

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"The forty-one years between the Society of Jesus's papal suppression in 1773 and its eventual restoration in 1814 remain controversial, with new research and interpretations continually appearing. Shore's narrative approaches these years, and the period preceding the suppression, from a new perspective that covers individuals not usually discussed in works dealing with this topic. As well as examining the contributions of former Jesuits to fields as diverse as ethnology-a term and concept pioneered by an ex-Jesuit-and library science, where Jesuits and ex-Jesuits laid the groundwork for the great advances of the nineteenth century, the essay also explores the period the exiled Society spent in the Russian Empire. It concludes with a discussion of the Society's restoration in the broader context of world history".

Christian church history --- Society of Jesus --- anno 1700-1799 --- anno 1800-1899 --- Jesuits --- History

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Ever since its appearance in Europe five centuries ago, the rosary has been a widespread, highly visible devotion among Roman Catholics. Its popularity has persisted despite centuries of often seismic social upheaval, cultural change, and institutional reform. In form, the rosary consists of a ritually repeated sequence of prayers accompanied by meditations on episodes in the lives of Christ and Mary. As a devotional object of round beads strung on cord or wire, the rosary has changed very little since its introduction centuries ago. Today, the rosary can be found on virtually every continent, and in the hands of hard-line traditionalists as well as progressive Catholics. It is beloved by popes, professors, protesters, commuters on their way to work, children learning their “first prayers,” and homeless persons seeking shelter and safety.Why has this particular devotional object been so ubiquitous and resilient, especially in the face of Catholicism’s reinvention in the Early Modern, or “Counter-Reformation,” Era? Nathan D. Mitchell argues in lyric prose that to understand the rosary’s adaptability, it is essential to consider the changes Catholicism itself began to experience in the aftermath of the Reformation.Unlike many other scholars of this period, Mitchell argues that after the Reformation Catholicism actually became more innovative and diversified rather than retrenched and monolithic. This innovation was especially evident in the sometimes “subversive”; visual representations of sacred subjects, such as in the paintings of Caravaggio, and in new ways of perceiving the relation between Catholic devotion and the liturgy&#8217s ritual symbols. The rosary was thus involved not only in how Catholics gave flesh to their faith, but in new ways of constructing their personal and collective identity. Ultimately, Mitchell employs the history of the rosary, and the concomitant devotion to the Virgin Mary with which it is associated, as a lens through which to better understand early modern Catholic history.

Rosary. --- Mary, --- Catholic Church --- History --- Devotion to. --- Rosary --- Christian special devotions --- Christian church history