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At publication date, a free ebook version of this title will be available through Luminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more. In this beautifully written and deeply researched study, Hannah Frank provides an original way to understand American animated cartoons from the Golden Age of animation (1920-1960). In the pre-digital age of the twentieth century, the making of cartoons was mechanized and standardized: thousands of drawings were inked and painted onto individual transparent celluloid sheets (called "cels") and then photographed in succession, a labor-intensive process that was divided across scores of artists and technicians. In order to see the art, labor, and technology of cel animation, Frank slows cartoons down to look frame by frame, finding hitherto unseen aspects of the animated image. What emerges is both a methodology and a highly original account of an art formed on the assembly line.

Animated films --- Motion pictures --- film --- filmtheorie --- filmgeschiedenis --- animatie --- animatiefilm --- filmanalyse --- Verenigde Staten --- twintigste eeuw --- 791.46 --- Aesthetics --- History and criticism --- Films, cinema --- Media studies --- History and criticism. --- Aesthetics. --- art formed on assembly line. --- cel animation. --- character animation. --- cinema and media studies. --- drawings inked and painted. --- golden age of animation. --- individual transparent celluloid sheets. --- making of cartoons. --- mechanized and standardized. --- original. --- photographic theory of cel animation. --- predigital age of 20th century. --- researched. --- study of american animated cartoons.

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In the late 1970s, the adult film industry began the transition from celluloid to home video. Smutty Little Movies traces this change and examines the cultural and legal efforts to regulate, contain, limit, or eradicate pornography. Drawing on a wide variety of materials, Smutty Little Movies de-centers the film text in favor of industry histories and contexts. In so doing, the book argues that the struggles to contain and regulate pleasure represent a primary starting point for situating adult video's place in a larger history, not just of pornography, but of media history as a whole.

Pornography --- Pornographic films --- Pornography and society --- Society and pornography --- Social aspects. --- History and criticism. --- 1970s. --- adam and eve. --- adult bookstores. --- adult content. --- adult film industry. --- adult films. --- adult only. --- adult video. --- america. --- anti pornography. --- celluloid. --- culture. --- film and television. --- home video. --- media history. --- media studies. --- movies. --- pleasure. --- porn culture. --- porn industry. --- porn laws. --- porn regulations. --- porn stars. --- porn. --- pornography. --- rules and regulations. --- sex. --- sexual intercourse. --- sexuality. --- smut. --- video rental.